Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39893757›Full record

ArticlePublic health2025

Racial/ethnic inequities in potentially harmful supplement use: Results of a prospective US cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Destiny A Jackson, Ariel L Beccia, Amanda Raffoul, Vishnudas Sarda, Jorge E Chavarro, Jaime E Hart, S Bryn Austin

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In one paragraph

Article in Public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Destiny A JacksonDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: djackson@hsph.harvard.edu.
Ariel L BecciaDivision of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Amanda RaffoulDivision of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Vishnudas SardaDivision of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Jorge E ChavarroDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Jaime E HartChanning Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
S Bryn AustinDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

Integrating lifecourse approaches, biologic and digital phenotypes in support of heart and lung disease epidemiologic researchU01HL145386 · NHLBI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI CHAVARRO, JORGE EDUARDO, MANSON, JOANN ELISABETH · 2019 to 2025
$17.8M
NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL145386
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo quantify racial/ethnic inequities in the use of harmful supplements sold with claims to aid in immune boosting, energy boosting, cleansing/detoxing, and weight loss throughout the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY

designProspective cohort study using longitudinal data (April/May 2020-April 2021) drawn from the US-based COVID-19 Substudy (N = 55,098), embedded in the Nurses' Health Studies 2 and 3 and the Growing Up Today Study.

methodsModified Poisson models were fit to estimate sociodemographic-adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of supplement use by racialized identity. We estimated the contribution of social stressors in driving racial/ethnic inequities in use of immune, energy, cleanse/detox, and weight-loss supplements.

resultsNon-Hispanic Black participants had up to two times higher risk of supplement use compared to Non-Hispanic White participants. Living in a county with a high COVID-19 mortality rate was associated with a slightly elevated risk of immune supplement use, and experiencing chronic high discrimination was associated with an elevated use of all supplement types.

conclusionsThere were stark racial/ethnic inequities in use of harmful supplements throughout the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsEthnicityAdultBlack or African AmericanCOVID-19FemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesUnited StatesWhiteCOVID-19Dietary supplementsRacial inequities

Identifiers

PMID39893757
PMCPMC11967280

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.