SynthesisBMC oral health2025
Malignant transformation of proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia-systematic review & meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Malignant Transformation of Oral Leukoplakia and Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia and Its Biomarker Predictors: A Systematic Umbrella Review.Head & neck · 2026Pooled it
- Quercetin as a Therapeutic Agent for Oral Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Pattern-Anchored Diagnosis of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Position Paper From COST Action INTERCEPTOR Working Group 2.Head and neck pathology · 2026Review
- The progression of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia can be detected through elevated levels of salivary matrix metalloproteinases.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia management requires x-ray surveillance. A retrospective study of 78 cases.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Evaluating patients with oral leukoplakia in smokers versus non-smokers: A clinico-histopathological study.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- A spatial-microbial-metabolic-immune framework for high-risk oral potentially malignant disorders: an evidence-ranked review for malignant transformation risk stratification.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Microbial dysbiosis and host-microbe interactions in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: insights into carcinogenic potential.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Field cancerization in women without conventional risk factors: insights from a case-cohort study.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia (PVL) presents a unique manifestation of Oral Leukoplakia, characterized by its notable propensity for rapid advancement, dynamic clinical and histopathological alterations, and heightened risk of malignant transformation.
aimThe present systematic review explores the demographic characteristics, risk factors, progression patterns, treatment preferences, and outcomes for PVL lesions that undergo malignant transformation. MATERIALS AND
methodsAn electronic search was executed across various databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library from 1985 to December 2023, focusing on studies of PVL malignant transformation. Data on demographics, clinical features, treatment, and outcome data were synthesized, with bias assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Criteria and outcomes evaluated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version (CMA) 3.0 software.
resultsAmong 998 articles, 53 met inclusion criteria, covering 1159 PVL patients, with 48.4% experiencing malignant transformation over an average 6.28 ± 3.73-year follow-up. Most cases had low or moderate bias risk. In the malignant group, females comprised 74.3% of cases, with a mean age of 66.23 ± 7.76 years and had a 1.96 times greater risk of developing cancer (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.38-2.782; p = 0.001). Gingiva (20%) and gingiva/buccal mucosa (17.4%) were commonly affected. Tobacco and alcohol showed weak associations, with most patients being non-smokers (59.54%) and non-drinkers (78.18%). HPV and candida infection positivity were tested in only a few studies and noted in a limited number of cases (33.3% and 38.46%, respectively). Malignant transformation mainly was invasive carcinoma (86.8%). Surgery was the primary treatment (58.33%), with 55.56% recurrence in 162 cases of data availability on recurrence. Of 228 patients with data availability, 33.77% succumbed to oral cancer from PVL-related oral cancer.
conclusionsPVL, a rare variant of leukoplakia, poses a significant risk of cancer, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring and proactive treatment. It mainly affects elderly females without typical cancer risk factors. Understanding its etiology could aid early detection and management.
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