ArticleBMC oral health2025
In-vitro simulation methods for mechanical plaque removal: a systematic scoping review of current techniques and future directions.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Implant cleaning performance of powder abrasive devices: an in-vitro study on the non-surgical and surgical approach.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Optimizing Preclinical Skill Assessment for Handpiece-Naïve Students: A Strategic Approach.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesDifferent methods to simulate plaque in order to test the efficacy of oral cleaning methods have been published. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the existing models and to highlight their respective benefits and limitations. MATERIAL AND
methodsFollowing the recommended scoping review methodology the scientific literature was systematically searched electronically (PubMed and Scopus) and by hand search up to July 2024, using combinations of search items related to oral plaque simulation, periodontitis or peri-implantitis. Retrieved study titles and abstracts were screened for possible inclusion. Finally, data from included fulltexts was extracted by two independent reviewers. Nine different characteristics for proper plaque simulation method were defined and each existing method evaluated and rated accordingly, and an overall rating was calculated for each method.
resultsInitially, 1787 records were identified. After abstract and title screening and fulltext revision, 25 fulltexts describing 7 different simulation methods, were included. The assessed methods of simulation were ink (12), varnish (5), calcium phosphate (1), calcium carbonate (1), occlusal spray (3), aluminum (1), commercially distributed and prepared artificial plaque (2). Even though some materials achieved good results in the assessment for individual criteria like water solubility, big differences could be found concerning practicability and production time, no simulation method was rated "very good" or even "good" in the overall evaluation. While ink and varnish were considered simulation materials of moderate quality for oral plaque simulation, all other techniques were assessed as weak simulation materials.
conclusionAmong the different published methods for the simulation of mechanical plaque removal, none seems to sufficiently simulate the essential characteristics of oral plaque, while some simulation methods may be useful to feature single properties of plaque in in-vitro studies sufficiently. Nevertheless, advanced models reflecting the diverse features of dental plaque more comprehensively are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.