Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39892502›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2025

Recurrence of microfilaraemia after triple-drug therapy for lymphatic filariasis in Samoa: Recrudescence or reinfection?

Helen J Mayfield, Ramona Muttucumaru, Benn Sartorius, Sarah Sheridan, Selina Ward, Beatris Mario Martin, Shannon M Hedtke, Robert Thomsen, Satupaitea Viali, Glen Fatupaito and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Progression of lymphatic filariasis antigenaemia and microfilaraemia over 4.5 years in antigen-positive individuals, Samoa 2019-2023.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Helen J MayfieldUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: h.mayfield@uq.edu.au.
Ramona MuttucumaruUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Benn SartoriusUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Sarah SheridanUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Selina WardUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Beatris Mario MartinUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Shannon M HedtkeDepartment of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
Robert ThomsenSamoa Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa.
Satupaitea VialiOceania University of Medicine Samoa, Apia, Samoa.
Glen FatupaitoSamoa Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa.
Colleen L LauUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Patricia M GravesCollege of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesContrasting evidence is emerging on the long-term effectiveness of triple-drug therapy for elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in the Pacific region. We evaluated the effectiveness of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole (IDA) for sustained clearance of microfilariae (Mf) in Samoa.

methodsWe enrolled two cohorts of Mf-positive participants. Cohort A were Mf-positive participants from 2018, who received directly observed triple-drug therapy in 2019 and were retested and retreated in 2023 and 2024. Cohort B were Mf-positive and treated in 2023 and retested in 2024. Participants were tested for LF antigen and Mf.

resultsIn Cohort A, eight of the 14 participants from 2018/2019 were recruited in 2023; six were Mf-positive. In 2024, six participants were retested, and two were Mf-positive. Cohort B included eight participants, and two remained Mf-positive in 2024. Mf prevalence in 2023 for Cohort A (71.4%, 95% CI 29.0%-96.3%) was significantly higher than among their household members (12.0%, 95% CI 2.5%-31.2%).

conclusionOne or two doses of directly observed IDA was not sufficient for sustained clearance of Wuchereria bancrofti Mf in Samoa. The high Mf prevalence in treated individuals compared to household members suggests recrudescence rather than reinfection.

Indexed as

Elephantiasis, FilarialFilaricidesReinfectionAdolescentAdultAlbendazoleAnimalsCohort StudiesDiethylcarbamazineDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansIvermectinMaleMicrofilariaeMiddle AgedAlbendazoleDiethylcarbamazineFilaricidesIvermectinAlbendazoleDiethylcarbamazineIvermectinLymphatic filariasis eliminationMass drug administrationNeglected tropical diseases

Identifiers

PMID39892502
PMCPMC11873681

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.