ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2025
PACAP associated with precise PTSD and fear extinction response in women.
Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional mixture modeling applications to identify person-centered phenotypes of posttraumatic stress disorder.Clinical psychology review · 2026Pooled it
- Identification of an intrusive-hypervigilant phenotype of posttraumatic stress symptoms with unique stress peptide and amygdala functional connectivity profiles.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Lateral septal PACAP signaling regulates stress and anxiety reactions.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- A systematic review of spontaneous recovery in human fear conditioning.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- PACAP a mediator of inflammation following trauma exposure and mild traumatic brain injury: Differential effects in males and females.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Behavioral, biological, and physiological reactions following posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are heterogeneous, particularly between sexes. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP38) is identified as a viable sex-specific marker of PTSD and fear conditioning impairments in women. However, no studies have examined the association between PACAP38 and fear extinction in humans to inform treatment mechanisms, and the association between PACAP38 and PTSD is variable, requiring further investigation. Participants (n = 123) included representative proportions of women (48.8 %), those with ≥subthreshold PTSD (39.8 %), veterans (33.3 %), and participants of color (59.5 %). Main outcomes and measures included PTSD symptoms (CAPS-IV), peripheral serum PACAP38, differential skin conductance response during a fear conditioning paradigm. The Middle-Out Approach was applied to integrate behavioral, biological, and physiological indicators and identify precise clinical phenotypes using latent class analysis. The current study provides behavioral, biological, and physiological evidence of a homogeneous subgroup (13.8 %), composed largely of women, for whom peripheral PACAP38 levels were over twofold higher than other participants (η
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.