Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39891578›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2025

Pandemic Preparedness: Analyzing National Plans for Respiratory Pathogen Pandemics in the Americas Region.

Andrea Patricia Villalobos Rodríguez, Iyanna Wellington Perkins, Shoa Moosavi, Ana de la Garza, Ángel Rodríguez, Britney McMurren, Juliana Almeida Leite, Jairo Méndez-Rico, Lidia Redondo-Bravo, Miriam Esther Blanco Reyes and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Andrea Patricia Villalobos RodríguezHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Iyanna Wellington PerkinsHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Shoa MoosaviHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-2253-4702
Ana de la GarzaHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2184-2587
Ángel RodríguezHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Britney McMurrenEpidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Juliana Almeida LeiteHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Jairo Méndez-RicoHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Lidia Redondo-BravoHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Miriam Esther Blanco ReyesHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-5343-6470
Olaya AstudilloHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Paula CoutoHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1900-2543
Priscila S BornHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Sarah HessEpidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-5111-242X
Shoshanna GoldinEpidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8116-7010
Hannah LewisEpidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Tamara ManceroHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Andrea S VicariHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Marc RondyHealth Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo identify gaps and define priority actions to strengthen national pandemic preparedness and response plans, we assessed the concordance between national plans for respiratory pathogens against the World Health Organization (WHO) pandemic checklist and the States Parties Annual Report (SPAR) in the Americas.

methodsIn this retrospective, semiquantitative study, we reviewed the most recent respiratory pandemic plans for 35 Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) member states and assessed their concordance with (1) actionable guidelines in WHO pandemic checklist and (2) International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) core capacities using the latest SPAR tool. We developed 25 tracking questions to identify gaps, strengths, and opportunities for improvement using a 5-point scale. We compared the average SPAR score and the Pandemic Plans score to assess areas of convergence and variance between preparedness and capacities.

resultsWe analyzed 35 respiratory pandemic plans (2005-2024): 29 were influenza specific, 5 were COVID-19 specific, and 1 was not pathogen specific. Most national plans showed limited alignment with the content recommended in the pandemic checklist. The lowest concordance between plans and checklist was in public health and social measures (80% of plans with score of 1); emergency, logistics and supply chain management (74%); and research and development (71%). Conversely, the strongest subcomponents were policy, legal, and normative instruments (45% of plans with score 4 or 5); coordination (46%); and surveillance: early detection and assessment (43%).

conclusionsIt is recommended that countries build on the strengths of their national pandemic preparedness and response plans and update them using PRET module 1. This will support countries advance the capacities required by the IHR.

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsAmericasHumansInfluenza, HumanPan American Health OrganizationPandemic PreparednessRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2World Health OrganizationIHRmonitoring and evaluationpandemic preparednesspandemic preparedness and response plansrespiratory diseases

Identifiers

PMID39891578
PMCPMC11892002

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.