Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39891270›Full record

ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025

Lemon-derived nanoparticle-functionalized hydrogels regulate macrophage reprogramming to promote diabetic wound healing.

Enyou Jin, Yusheng Yang, Shengjie Cong, Dengke Chen, Ruixiong Chen, Jun Zhang, Yanjun Hu, Weini Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Nutrients · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Citrus limon-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Hair Growth.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
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  11. Article
  12. Review
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  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Spatiotemporal controlled release of YCM/CuJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Enyou Jin *Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China.
Yusheng Yang *Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
Shengjie Cong *Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, PR China.
Dengke Chen *Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China.
Ruixiong ChenDepartment of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Huizhou, Guangdong, 516000, China.
Jun ZhangFaculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China. jzhang@must.edu.mo.
Yanjun HuDivision of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China. huyanjun4750@smu.edu.cn.
Weini ChenFaculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China. whitecl@163.com.

Funding

Guangdong Province Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fund Project 20232160The Construction Project of the Inheritance Studio of National Famous Chinese Medicine Experts in 2022. 202275Wellcome Trust 202401
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The orderly regulation of immune inflammation and promotion of the regeneration of skin vessels and fibers are key to the treatment of diabetic skin injury (DSI). Although various traditional polypeptide biological dressings continue to be developed, their efficacy is not satisfactory. In recent years, plant-to-mammal regulation has provided an effective approach for chronic wound management, but the development of effective plant-based treatments remains challenging. The development of exosomes from Chinese herbs is promising for wound healing. In this study, plant exosomes derived from lemons (Citrus limon) were extracted, and their biological efficacy was verified. Lemon exosomes regulated the polarization reprogramming of macrophages, promoted the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts, and thus promoted the healing of diabetic wounds. To solve the problems of continuous drug delivery and penetration depth, Lemon Exosomes were loaded into a hydrogel constructed of Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) and Dialdehyde Starch (DAS) that closely fits to the skin, absorbs water, swells, and is moist and breathable, effectively promoting the sustained and slow release of exosomes and resulting in excellent performance for diabetic wound healing. Our GelMA-DAS-Lemon Exosomes hydrogel (GelMA/DAS/Exo hydrogel) patch represents a potentially valuable option for repairing diabetic wounds in clinical applications.

Indexed as

CitrusHydrogelsMacrophagesNanoparticlesWound HealingAnimalsCell MovementCell ProliferationCellular ReprogrammingDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalExosomesFibroblastsHumansMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLHydrogelsAngiogenesisDiabetic wound healingLemon exosomesMacrophage reprogrammingNetwork pharmacology

Identifiers

PMID39891270
PMCPMC11783766

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.