ArticleScientific reports2025
Separation of heavy metals using aqueous two-phase systems based on choline chloride/urea and betaine/urea deep eutectic solvents.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biphasic Extraction of Selected Heavy Metals From Corn With the Aid of Kosmotropic Salts.Analytical science advances · 2026Article
- Mild One-Step Protein Recovery from Microalgae Cultivated in Swine Wastewater Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Current Status and Future Perspectives of Betaine and Betaine-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS): from basic science to applications.RSC advances · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The heavy metals in the effluents of industries threatens the human health. In this research, aqueous two-phase systems based on two deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride/urea and betaine/urea, along with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, were used as environmentally friendly systems to extract hexavalent chromium. Binodal curves and tie lines were obtained for two systems. The effect of temperature, pH, metal concentration and salt composition was investigated on the extraction efficiency of chromium. Increasing the temperature, the concentration of metal and the amount of salt increased the extraction efficiency. The system consisting of choline chloride/urea had better extraction than other and showed extraction efficiency of 86.82 ± 1.99 at pH = 10 and temperature of 25 ºC and metal concentration of 80 mg/l. the system based on betaine/urea showed extraction efficiency of 89.51 ± 1.69 at pH = 8.9 and temperature of 25 °C and metal concentration of 80 mg/l. Considering the same cost of two systems, the system including betaine/urea was evaluated as a better system for the separation of chromium. These systems were also used to separate lead, cobalt, nickel and cadmium that showed their high tendency to the low phase.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.