ArticleThe British journal of ophthalmology2025
Risk factors for rapid axial length growth in a prospective cohort study of 3-year to 9-year-old Chinese children.
Article in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hyperopic reserve insufficiency and myopic pre-disposition in pre-school children aged 3-6 years: a large-scale cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of Myopia Occurrence, Development, and Correction in Primary School Students in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo identify factors contributing to rapid axial length (AL) growth in children aged 3-9 years.
methodsFour thousand four hundred thirty-five children were followed from 2019 to 2022. AL and corneal curvature were measured using an IOLMaster 500, while refractometry and visual acuity were also assessed. Baseline data included demographics and parental myopia status, with annual updates on height, weight and behavioural factors. Latent class growth model was used to discover AL trajectories, whereas multiple logistic regression was used to identify determinants of rapid AL elongation.
resultsFor all participants, baseline age and parental myopia influenced AL growth. Specifically, children aged 3-6 years exhibited faster AL elongation when engaging in persistent excessive homework time (OR, 2.86, 95% CI 1.31 to 6.95) and near-work activities (OR, 2.13, 95% CI 1.12 to 4.10). For the 7-9-year group, the risk factors of rapid AL growth included being female (OR, 2.05, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.90) and need myopia correction at baseline (OR, 3.19, 95% CI 2.02 to 5.02). Notably, actively engaging in outdoor activities had a protective effect in the 7-9-year group (OR, 0.65, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.97).
conclusionsThis study delineates AL growth trajectories in children aged 3-9 years and highlights distinct risk factors for rapid AL growth. These findings underscore the necessity of implementing age-specific strategies for myopia prevention and control.
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