Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39890153›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

Barriers and enablers of access to diabetes eye care in Auckland, New Zealand: a qualitative study.

Pushkar Raj Silwal, Maryam Pirouzi, Rinki Murphy, Matire Harwood, Corina Grey, David Squirrell, Jacqueline Ramke

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Pushkar Raj SilwalSchool of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6100-090X
Maryam PirouziSchool of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0289-8662
Rinki MurphyDepartment of Medicine, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-2423
Matire HarwoodDepartment of General Practice and Primary Care, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-5139
Corina GreyDepartment of General Practice and Primary Care, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
David SquirrellDepartment of Ophthalmology, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.
Jacqueline RamkeSchool of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand jacqueline.ramke@lshtm.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5764-1306

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo explore the barriers and enablers to accessing diabetes eye care services among adults in Auckland.

designThis was a qualitative study that used semistructured interviews. We performed a thematic analysis and described the main barriers and enablers to accessing services using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

settingThe study took place in two of the three public funding and planning agencies that provide primary and secondary health services in Auckland, the largest city in Aotearoa New Zealand.

participantsThirty people with diabetes in Auckland who had experienced interrupted diabetes eye care, having missed at least one appointment or being discharged back to their general practitioner after missing several appointments.

resultsWe identified barriers and enablers experienced by our predominantly Pacific and Māori participants that aligned with 7 (of the 14) domains in the Theoretical Domains Framework. The most reported barriers were transport issues, lack of awareness regarding the importance of retinal screening, time constraints, limited and/or inflexible appointment times and competing family commitments. Enablers included positive interactions with healthcare providers and timely appointment notifications and reminders.

conclusionsDiabetes eye services could be made more responsive by addressing systemic barriers such as service location and transport links, appointment availability and meaningful information to aid understanding.

Indexed as

Diabetic RetinopathyHealth Services AccessibilityQualitative ResearchAdultAgedAppointments and SchedulesAustralasian PeopleDiabetes MellitusFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedNew ZealandDiabetic retinopathyHealth EquityHealth ServicesHealth Services Accessibility

Identifiers

PMID39890153
PMCPMC11784328

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.