ArticleSchizophrenia research2025
Using pupillometry to predict outcome in cognitive behavioral therapy for negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Article in Schizophrenia research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Digital Therapeutic Intervention for Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Schizophrenia: A Bibliometric and Scientometric Study of Global Evidence, Gaps, and Emerging Themes.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundClinical trials of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for negative symptoms of schizophrenia have provided mixed results, perhaps because some patients are more likely to benefit than others. Patients likely to benefit may be those with greater pre-treatment motivation. To better examine the effects of motivation on treatment outcome, more objective measures of motivation are needed. Pupillary responses provide an objective biomarker of cognitive effort and motivation, with greater dilation associated with greater effort and motivation.
aimsThe current study examined whether pre-treatment baseline pupil dilation predicted motivation and pleasure (MAP) negative symptom reduction in an open clinical trial of CBT for individuals with schizophrenia.
methodsPupil dilation was recorded during the digit-span task at low (3 digits), moderate (6 digits) and high (9 digits) loads in participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N = 31) with persistent negative symptoms prior to delivery of mobile-assisted CBT for negative symptoms (mCBTn).
resultsGreater pre-treatment pupil dilation during low, but not moderate or high, loads of the digit-span task significantly predicted greater reduction in MAP negative symptoms. However, while MAP negative symptoms improved throughout treatment, pupil dilation did not significantly change throughout treatment for any digit-span loads. IMPLICATIONS: Pupil dilation may provide a much-needed prognostic biomarker of patients most likely to benefit from CBT for MAP symptoms, but did not change with change in MAP symptoms.
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Registered trials
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