ArticleAging cell2025
A novel framework to build saliva-based DNA methylation biomarkers: Quantifying systemic chronic inflammation as a case study.
Article in Aging cell, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Paediatric DNA methylation profile scores: a systematic review and open-source atlas.EBioMedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Peripheral blood DNA methylation partially reports on immune cell type composition in the frontal brain.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Immune aging biomarkers for clinical trials.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- The Evolving Landscape of Clinical Aging Clocks: From Epigenetic to Multi-Omics Integration.Aging cell · 2026Review
- Non-invasive epigenetic protein signatures associated with childhood obesity.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Oral microbiome signatures predict biological age and host health.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immune signaling as a determinant of cellular identity and tissue function.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Salivary exosomalFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Turning back time: a comprehensive list of interventions that decrease next-generation epigenetic aging clocks in humans.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Biomaterials targeting senescent cells for bone regeneration: State-of-the-art and future perspectives.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- The impact of artificial intelligence on biomarker discovery.Emerging topics in life sciences · 2025Article
- EpInflammAge: Epigenetic-Inflammatory Clock for Disease-Associated Biological Aging Based on Deep Learning.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- First-generation versus next-generation epigenetic aging clocks: Differences in performance and utility.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- Combining a novel ensemble model and multiplex methylation SNaPshot assays for saliva age prediction and cross-platform data analysis.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Applying blood-derived epigenetic algorithms to saliva: cross-tissue similarity of DNA-methylation indices of aging, physiology, and cognition.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- A novel framework to build saliva-based DNA methylation biomarkers: Quantifying systemic chronic inflammation as a case study.Aging cell · 2025Article
- An exploratory analysis of bezisterim treatment associated with decreased biological age acceleration, and improved clinical measure and biomarker changes in mild-to-moderate probable Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Accessible and non-invasive biomarkers that measure human ageing processes and the risk of developing age-related disease are paramount in preventative healthcare. Here, we describe a novel framework to train saliva-based DNA methylation (DNAm) biomarkers that are reproducible and biologically interpretable. By leveraging a reliability dataset with replicates across tissues, we demonstrate that it is possible to transfer knowledge from blood DNAm to saliva DNAm data using DNAm proxies of blood proteins (EpiScores). We apply these methods to create a new saliva-based epigenetic clock (InflammAge) that quantifies systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) in humans. Using a large blood DNAm human cohort with linked electronic health records and over 18,000 individuals (Generation Scotland), we demonstrate that InflammAge significantly associates with all-cause mortality, disease outcomes, lifestyle factors, and immunosenescence; in many cases outperforming the widely used SCI biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP). We propose that our biomarker discovery framework and InflammAge will be useful to improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning human ageing and to assess the impact of gero-protective interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.