ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2025
Optic Disc Pallor in Parkinson's Disease: A UK Biobank Study.
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Brain-body interactions in systemic diseases: a survey from an imaging perspective.MedScience · 2026Review
- Brain age gap as biomarker linking cardiovascular diseases genetic susceptibility and causality.iScience · 2026Article
- Brain age gap as a predictive biomarker that links aging, lifestyle, and neuropsychiatric health.Communications medicine · 2025Article
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4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent studies have suggested that retinal changes measured with optical coherence tomography are detectable in early Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting the potential of ophthalmic biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring.
objectiveWe set out to investigate the relationship between optic disc pallor measured in fundoscopy images and both prevalent and incident PD.
methodsWe analyzed color fundus photographs from 787 UK Biobank participants: 89 with prevalent PD, 317 with incident PD, and 381 age- and sex-matched controls. Optic disc pallor in several zones was quantified using semi-automated software. We used logistic and linear regression, adjusted for relevant covariates, to test for associations between disc pallor and PD status and duration.
resultsParticipants with prevalent PD had significantly paler optic discs globally (OR per standard deviation [SD] increase = 1.39 [CI: 1.08-1.81], P = 0.012) and across several zones compared to controls. Each year since PD diagnosis was associated with a 1.37 SD increase in global pallor (standardized β = 1.37 [SE = 0.61], P = 0.029), and a similar increase across several zones, however, this finding was sensitive to outliers with long disease duration. No significant associations were observed for the incident PD group.
conclusionsOptic disc pallor is significantly associated with PD and may become more pronounced with disease duration. This suggests that optic disc pallor, measured in routinely taken color fundus photographs, may serve as a biomarker for PD-related neurodegeneration. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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