Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39888116›Full record

SynthesisNephrology (Carlton, Vic.)2025

Prevalence and Treatment Patterns of Anaemia in Individuals With Chronic Kidney Disease Across Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Dana Kim, Joshua Lee, Tadashi Toyama, Thaminda Liyanage, Mark Woodward, Kunihiro Matsushita, Lai Seong Hooi, Ming-Yen Lin, Kunitoshi Iseki, Vivekanand Jha and 3 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Dana KimThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4611-5770
Joshua LeeDepartment of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
Tadashi ToyamaDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
Thaminda LiyanageThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Mark WoodwardThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Kunihiro MatsushitaDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Lai Seong HooiSultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4628-3806
Ming-Yen LinDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8194-4833
Kunitoshi IsekiOkinawa Heart and Renal Association and Clinical Research Support Center, Nakamura Clinic, Okinawa, Japan.
Vivekanand JhaThe George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, New Delhi, India.
Muh Geot WongThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7575-9877
Min JunThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Asian Renal Collaboration

Funding

GlaxoSmithKline
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimAnaemia is a significant complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its prevalence and treatment patterns in Asia are poorly understood. We sought to quantify prevalence of anaemia and its treatment in people with CKD across the region.

methodsMEDLINE and Embase (inception to 2023) were systematically searched for observational studies of adults with CKD conducted in Asia that reported the prevalence of anaemia or its treatment. Additional relevant unpublished data were obtained from national experts. Summary estimates of the prevalence of anaemia and its treatment were determined using a random-effects meta-analysis according to country and study-specific CKD inclusion criteria.

resultsEighty-six studies from 10 Asian countries reported data on 1 342 121 participants. The overall prevalence of anaemia in individuals with CKD was 42% (95% CI 33%-52%), with wide variation (12%-57% in studies including all CKD stages; 21%-96% in studies limited to individuals with kidney failure). Anaemia prevalence progressively increased with more advanced CKD (80% in Stage 5). Studies reporting data on anaemia treatment, particularly in early CKD, were limited. The prevalence of erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron therapy was 40% (95% CI 24%-58%) and 21% (95% CI 14%-31%), respectively (ESA: 7%-29% in CKD, 63%-95% in kidney failure; iron: 6%-26% in CKD, 15%-88% in kidney failure).

conclusionOur findings indicate a significant, but widely varying, prevalence of anaemia and its treatment in people with CKD in Asia. Substantial variability in data availability and collection highlights the need for standardised reporting to facilitate the development of regionally relevant strategies for anaemia management in CKD.

Indexed as

AnemiaHematinicsRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAsiaHumansPrevalenceHematinicsanaemiaAsiachronic kidney diseaseerythropoietiniron

Identifiers

PMID39888116
PMCPMC11780214

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.