ArticleJournal of oral rehabilitation2025
Effect of Biomechanical Properties of Perioral Soft Tissues on Lip Response to Simulated Protraction of Upper Front Teeth.
Article in Journal of oral rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Correlation Between Lip Prominence and Orthodontic Incisor Repositioning Within an Aesthetic Triangle Framework.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- 3D Photogrammetry-Driven Craniofacial Analysis in Orthodontics: A Scoping Review of Recent Applications.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProclination of front teeth in orthodontics and oral rehabilitation may influence lip protrusion and the overall facial profile. We hypothesized that the degree of profile changes is determined by the biomechanical properties of the lips.
objectives(1) to investigate the upper lip changes induced by a simulated protraction of upper front teeth; and (2) to assess the relationship between biomechanical properties of the lips and their response to tooth protraction. MATERIALS AND
methodsThirty-four participants were recruited at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand. Simulated protraction of upper front teeth was achieved by placing a customised stent covering the buccal surface of the maxillary upper incisors and canines, along with the corresponding buccal mucosa and gingiva. Stereophotogrammetry was used to assess lip changes in three dimensions. Biomechanical properties of the lips, including muscle tone, stiffness and elasticity, were measured using a non-invasive digital palpation device.
resultsDuring the simulated protraction of upper front teeth, the upper lip advanced approximately 50% of the stent thickness, with a considerable inter-individual variation in lip displacement. Soft tissue responses were correlated with the biomechanical properties of the lips with significant correlation coefficients ranging from 0.38 to 0.40. Higher lip tone was associated with increased lip displacement, while greater lip elasticity resulted in reduced lip displacement. Multivariate analyses indicated that upper lip displacement was associated with biomechanical properties and ethnicity, but not with age, sex and body mass index.
conclusionsThe response of the lips to protraction of front teeth varies largely between individuals and can be partly explained by variations in the biomechanical properties of perioral muscles.
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