ArticleFuture science OA2025
Reporting and representation of participant race and ethnicity in phase III clinical trials for solid tumors.
Article in Future science OA, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Qualitative Interviews on the Experience of Orally vs. Intramuscularly Administered Endocrine Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer: Patient and Healthcare Provider Perspectives.Oncology and therapy · 2026Article
- The undue burdens of clinical trial participation: implications for equity, diversity, and inclusion.Trials · 2026Article
- Reporting and representation of race and ethnicity data in phase III clinical trials for hematological malignancies.Future science OA · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncluding racial and ethnic minorities in clinical trials is essential for advancing health equity. Despite progress, trials often do not mirror patient population demographics.
methodsThe National Library of Medicine's Clinical Trials database was queried for phase III trials of lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. A reference population was identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database, covering 48% of the US population.
resultsAmong 181 trials, race and ethnicity data were included in 86.7% and 60.2% of trials, respectively, with improving reporting over time. Participants were predominantly White (76.3%), followed by Asian/Pacific Islander (14.1%), Black/African American (4.5%), and American Indian/Alaska Native (0.6%). Hispanic/Latino constituted 6.4% of participants. The proportion of non-White groups increased from 19.4% in trials started before 2011 to 26.2% after 2015. Compared with SEER data, the percentages were lower for Asian/Pacific Islander across all cancers, Black/African American in breast and prostate cancers, American Indian or Alaska Native in colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers in US solely trials.
conclusionsReporting and enrollment of racial and ethnic minorities in trials remain inadequate but improving. To enhance diversity, real-world data are warranted to identify recruitment goals by better assessing the geographic distribution within the patient population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.