ArticleBMC oral health2025
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthodontic bands after aging: an in-vitro study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Micronuclei and cytomorphometric alterations in fixed (metal/ceramic) and removable orthodontic appliances: a prospective exploratory comparative study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis investigation sought to evaluate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of two different types of orthodontic bands after aging in acidic and neutral artificial saliva using human gingival fibroblast-like (HGF1-PI 1) cell lines.
methodsTwo commercial brands of orthodontic molar bands (American orthodontic (AO) and 3 S-dental bands), commonly used by orthodontists, were tested. These bands were divided into four groups to examine the effects of aging following thermocycling, and pH variations (pH = 4.5 and pH = 7.4). Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. Comet assay was used to evaluate genotoxicity.
resultsOur results demonstrated that AO molar bands exhibited significant cytotoxic effect on gingiva cells following incubation in acidic condition compared to untreated control (P = 0.04), however no effect was observed at neutral condition. In contrast, 3 S-dental molar bands showed no significant differences at both conditions compared to control group. Regarding genotoxicity, DNA damage was evident for both brands at pH = 4.5, however, AO molar bands demonstrated longer comet tails compared to 3 S-dental molar bands. AO molar bands was also showed relatively DNA destruction at pH 7.4, while no genotoxicity was for 3 S-dental molar bands.
conclusionThe results collectively showed that AO molar bands exhibited cytotoxicity only at acidic pH, while 3 S-dental molar bands showed no cytotoxic effects at either acidic or neutral conditions. Additionally, AO molar bands demonstrated greater genotoxicity than 3 S-dental molar bands at both pH levels. These data represented acceptable biocompatibility for both bands in neutral conditions. However, AO bands seem to become toxic for gingiva cells in acidic milieu.
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