Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39885474›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025

Season of conception and risk of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy.

Yanxia Xie, Yi Mu, Peiran Chen, Yanping Wang, Xiaohong Li, Li Dai, Zheng Liu, Qi Li, Mingrong Li, Juan Liang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yanxia Xie *National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Yi Mu *National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Peiran ChenNational Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Yanping WangNational Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Xiaohong LiNational Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Li DaiNational Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Zheng LiuNational Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Qi LiNational Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Mingrong LiNational Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Juan LiangNational Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. liangjuan@scu.edu.cn.
Jun ZhuNational Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. zhujun028@163.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82404285
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypertensive Disorder during Pregnancy (HDP) is the most prevalent obstetric conditions in maternal health, but the etiology of most cases remains unexplained. Seasonal variations in the conception of HDP may offer insights into the potential seasonal-specific risk factors.

methodsData were sourced from the China's National Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System (NMNMSS) between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021. HDP status was ascertained from the diagnostic records over 400 medical institutions. The conception date was estimated based on the delivery date and duration of gestation length, and the season of conception, were categorised as winter (December to February), spring (March to May), summer (June to August), and fall (September to November). Odd ratios were calculated separately using the logistic regression model.

resultsAmong the 14,073,565 pregnant women analysed, 3.98% met the study's criteria for HDP as defined in the present study. Maternal conception in spring was associated with a 10% increased risk of HDP (aOR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.08-1.12]) compared with summer conceptions. Elevated risk of HDP was observed for maternal individuals conceiving in February, March, April, May, and June according to analyses conducted for specific months. The associations were slightly stronger in the subgroup of women diagnosed with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Significant disparities exist in this association among the diverse Köppen-Geiger climate zones.

conclusionSignificant seasonal variations in the risk for HDP were observed across a range of maternal characteristics, HDP subtypes, and climatc zones. These findings imply the necessity of considering seasonally fluctuating environmental factors in the etiological investigation of HDP. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

FertilizationHypertension, Pregnancy-InducedSeasonsAdultChinaFemaleHumansPregnancyRisk FactorsYoung AdultConceptionHypertensive disorder during pregnancyKöppen-GeigerSeason

Identifiers

PMID39885474
PMCPMC11780983

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.