ArticleBMC geriatrics2025
Association between frailty, as measured by the FRAIL scale, and 1-year mortality in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparison of integrated dual-lag screw versus single lag screw cephalomedullary nails for intertrochanteric femoral fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Pooled it
- Association of multidimensional biomarkers of immune, nutritional, inflammatory, and metabolic status with postoperative outcomes in older hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Frailty Trajectory Within 3 Months After Discharge Among Older Adults Living With Frailty Who Experience Hip Fracture Surgery and Predictors.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Observational
- The Predictive Value of The 9-Point Clinical Frailty Scale on Outcomes in Older Adults with Hip Fracture: A Systematic Review.Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2026Review
- Association between frailty index and hip fracture among Chinese middle- and old-aged adults in different glycemic status: a prospective study from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Frailty and Time-To-Theatre for Elderly Hip Fracture Patients at a Regional Hospital in Australia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Geriatric orthopaedic surgery & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Predictive Performance of Frailty Indices for Complications and Functional Recovery After Distal Radius Fracture Surgery in Patients Aged ≥65 years.Geriatric orthopaedic surgery & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Peri-operative nutrition in femoral neck fracture arthroplasty: a pragmatic framework to mitigate dual-hit catabolism and improve outcomes.Orthopedic reviews · 2026Article
- Beyond bone density: toward an integrated bone- muscle-function framework for fragility fracture prevention.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Early versus delayed hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in the elderly: a comparative study on multidimensional recovery.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Period-Specific Determinants of Mortality After Geriatric Hip Fracture: Insights into Inflammation, Comorbidity and Surgical Timing.Geriatric orthopaedic surgery & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Association between preoperative frailty to adverse postoperative outcomes in older people undergoing elective spinal surgery: a prospective cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Geriatric Assessment as an Important Tool for Post-Hip Surgery Prognosis in Seniors.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Correlation Between Serum Creatinine-to-Cystatin C Ratio and Prognosis of Patients with Hip Fracture.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe FRAIL scale is a concise and user-friendly tool for frailty assessment. However, its effectiveness in predicting 1-year mortality among older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery remains unclear. This study explored the relationship between preoperative frailty, as measured by the FRAIL scale, and 1-year mortality after surgery in this population.
methodsThis retrospective analysis included 194 older patients (aged ≥ 75 years) with hip fractures who underwent surgical treatment in our departments from January 2019 to December 2022. Perioperative clinical data were collected, and all-cause mortality within 1 year after surgery was monitored. Patients were categorized into non-frail (n = 114) and frail (n = 80) groups based on their FRAIL scores. Postoperative complications and 1-year mortality rates were compared between these groups. The association of preoperative frailty with 1-year mortality and its predictive capability were assessed.
resultsAmong the 194 older hip fracture patients, 78 (40.2%) were male, with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 84.4 (6.3) years. The overall incidence of 1-year mortality after surgery was 11.3% (22/194). Frail patients had a higher incidence of Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification of surgical complications ≥ II (31.3% vs. 12.3%, p = 0.00) and greater 1-year mortality (21.3% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.00) compared with non-frail patients. Cox regression analysis indicated that preoperative frailty was independently associated with 1-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-11.77; p = 0.02). The FRAIL scale demonstrated acceptable discriminatory capacity for predicting 1-year mortality in these patients (area under the curve: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.59-0.81).
conclusionsFrailty, as measured by the FRAIL scale, was independently associated with 1-year mortality in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. The scale can be used to stratify risk and facilitate personalized perioperative treatment and management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.