Cross-talk-free, high extinction ratio, and ultra-compact all‑optical 4 × 2 encoder using graphene-based plasmonic waveguides.

Saima Kanwal, Mohammed R Saeed, Faris K Al-Shammri, Mir Hamid Rezaei

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Saima KanwalSchool of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.

Mohammed R SaeedDepartment of Electrical Techniques Engineering, Al-Hussain University College, Kerbala, Iraq.

Faris K Al-ShammriBiomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Warith Al Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Iraq.

Mir Hamid RezaeiDepartment of Communications and Electronics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. m.h.rezaei@shirazu.ac.ir.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents an all-optical 4 × 2 encoder based on graphene-plasmonic waveguides for operation in the wavelength range of 8-12 μm. The basic plasmonic waveguide consists of a silicon (Si) strip and a graphene sheet supported by two dielectric ridges. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are stimulated in the spatial gap between the graphene sheet and the Si strip. The effect of geometric parameters and chemical potential of the graphene sheet changes on the suggested waveguide's waveguiding behavior is meticulously investigated using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method. The encoder comprises a straight waveguide to detect the state of the In

Indexed as

All-optical encoderCross-talk-freeHigh extinction ratioPlasmonic waveguideSurface plasmon polaritonSuspended graphene

Identifiers

PMID39885192

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-86387-z

PMCPMC11782644

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