Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39885077›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

"Am I the only one who will Spread the Virus?": Impact of Public Stigma Towards the East Asian Population Living in Spain Related to COVID-19.

Iris María Muñoz-Del-Pino, Francisco Javier Saavedra-Macías, Elvira Pérez-Vallejos

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Iris María Muñoz-Del-PinoDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville. Faculty of Psychology, Camilo José Cela S/N, 41018, Seville, Spain. irimundel@alum.us.es.ORCID 0000-0002-5682-3183
Francisco Javier Saavedra-MacíasDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville. Faculty of Psychology, Camilo José Cela S/N, 41018, Seville, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2328-7708
Elvira Pérez-VallejosHorizon Digital Economy Research, University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0258-9440

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Previous studies have suggested that COVID-19 led to an increase in stigma towards the Asian population with a negative impact on their health. This study aims to explore this phenomenon and its impact on health through the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with 26 people of Asian origin living in Spain from September 2020 to September 2021. Among the results, it was found that, prior to the pandemic, discrimination was mostly verbal. After the outbreak of the pandemic, some participants, who were blamed and referred to as "COVID", experienced fear and physical aggression. Among the health effects, mental and social disturbances such as feeling like "permanent foreigners", worrying about being stigmatized or fear of interacting with others were prominent. The main protective factor was the support network, including education and community cohesion as main determinants. Future research is needed to analyse the evolution of this stigma after the pandemic and to explore in detail its impact on health.

Indexed as

COVID-19East Asian PeopleSocial StigmaAdultAgedAsia, EasternFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSARS-CoV-2SpainYoung AdultCOVID-19East AsiaPublic stigmaQuality of lifeSpain

Identifiers

PMID39885077
PMCPMC12795974

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.