ArticleVaccine2025
COVID-19 and influenza vaccine Hesitancy among adults hospitalized in the United States, 2019-2022.
Article in Vaccine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The impact of pediatric influenza and COVID-19 hospitalization on parental attitudes toward vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Observational
- COVID-19 vaccine uptake in US adults with respiratory diseases: A cross-sectional study.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Factors influencing influenza vaccine hesitancy among cancer patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study based on the Health Belief Model.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The effects of social media criticism against public health institutions on trust, emotions, and social media engagement.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Change in influenza vaccine uptake among adults in the United States from May 2020 to October 2024.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
32 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding similarities and differences between hesitancy for influenza and COVID-19 vaccines could facilitate strategies to improve public receptivity toward vaccination.
methodsWe compared hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccines during the first 13 months of availability (January 2021-January 2022) with hesitancy for influenza vaccines in the 15 months prior to COVID-19 vaccine availability (October 2019-December 2020) among adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness at 21 hospitals in the United States. We interviewed patients regarding vaccination status, willingness to be vaccinated, and perceptions of vaccine safety and efficacy. We used multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with vaccine hesitancy.
resultsAmong 12,292 patients enrolled during the COVID-19 vaccine period, 5485 (44.6 %) were unvaccinated. Patient characteristics associated with not receiving the COVID-19 vaccine included younger age, female sex, higher BMI, lack of health insurance, absence of chronic comorbid medical conditions, no or rare influenza vaccination in prior years, higher CDC social vulnerability index (SVI), a measure of external stresses that may negatively impact health, living in the Midwest or southern US, lack of college or higher education, and not wearing a mask. Among 983 patients enrolled during the influenza vaccination period, 381(37.8 %) were unvaccinated. Characteristics associated with not receiving the influenza vaccine included no or one chronic comorbid medical condition, no or rare influenza vaccination in prior years, being a current smoker, and higher SVI. Discussion with healthcare providers was a reason for vaccination for 27.7 % (167) for influenza and 8.3 % (564) for COVID-19 and to decline vaccination for 0.5 % Ten great public health achievements-United States (2011) (2) for influenza and 2.2 % (118) for COVID-19.
conclusionsWe found that higher SVI scores and lack of prior influenza vaccination were associated with hesitancy for both COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. There were regional variations in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and discussions with HCPs significantly influenced acceptance for both vaccines.
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