Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39883629›Full record

Trial reportPloS one2025

Long-term engagement in smoking cessation campaign: A mixed methods randomized trial.

Robert Schwartz, Tracey Borland, Maaz Shahid, Karen Kuzmich, Michael Chaiton

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Robert SchwartzDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-7838-0769
Tracey BorlandDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Maaz ShahidDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0009-0006-8748-1573
Karen KuzmichCanadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Michael ChaitonDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-9589-2122

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionA long-term engagement (LTE) intervention was embedded in a social marketing campaign aimed at motivating quit attempts among Canadian adult commercial tobacco users 35 to 64 years of age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and appeal of LTE within a marketing campaign.

methods3,199 Canadians who smoked cigarettes aged 35-64 recruited using Facebook and Instagram advertisements were randomized into Intervention and Control groups. Over the course of two years, Intervention Group participants received monthly emails connecting them to campaign news and activities, Mini Surveys to inform campaign refinement, feedback opportunities via focus groups and interviews, financial incentives, and proactive knowledge exchange presenting study findings. Both groups responded to a baseline and follow-up surveys every six months.

resultsLTE Intervention Group participants engaged frequently with emails (unique opens, open rates, click rates, and total clicks). Compared with Control Group members, they had significantly higher rates of: unaided and aided campaign awareness; engagement with the social marketing campaign (website visits, social media visits, likes/shares); actions towards making quit attempts; quit attempts. Many participants expressed feelings of motivation, support, and a sense of belonging.

conclusionsWhen embedded in a social marketing campaign, meaningful long-term engagement of adults who smoke cigarettes shows promise as an intervention to promote quitting behaviors. IMPLICATIONS: Active long-term engagement can significantly amplify the effects of social marketing campaigns aimed at promoting quit smoking behaviours among adults. The active engagement approach applied indicates that frequent long-term engagement is more effective when done in a more holistic, empathetic manner. The intervention also allows for real-time learning to support campaign development.

trial registrationISRCTN94797633.

Indexed as

Health PromotionSmoking CessationAdultCanadaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMotivationSocial MarketingSocial Media

Identifiers

PMID39883629
PMCPMC11781614

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.