Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39883362›Full record

ReviewAdvanced biotechnology2025

Pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection at the extremes of age: decipher the ominous tales of immune vulnerability.

Kai-Lin Mai, Wei-Qi Pan, Zheng-Shi Lin, Yang Wang, Zi-Feng Yang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Advanced biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kai-Lin MaiHenan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
Wei-Qi PanNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
Zheng-Shi LinNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
Yang WangNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. wang_yang@gzlab.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6527-864X
Zi-Feng YangNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. jeffyah@163.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82174053National Natural Science Foundation of China 82341099National Natural Science Foundation of China 82361168672Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease SKLRD-OP-202209Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau SAR, China 0045/2021/AScience and Technology Development Fund of Macau SAR, China 005/2022/ALCScience and Technology Development Fund of Macau SAR, China FDCT0111/2023/AFJSelf-supporting Program of Guangzhou Laboratory SRPG22-007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 has led to co-infection events, primarily affecting children and older adults, who are at higher risk for severe disease. Although co-infection prevalence is relatively low, it is associated with worse outcomes compared to mono-infections. Previous studies have shown that the outcomes of co-infection depend on multiple factors, including viral interference, virus-host interaction and host response. Children and the elderly exhibit distinct patterns of antiviral response, which involve airway epithelium, mucociliary clearance, innate and adaptive immune cells, and inflammatory mediators. This review explores the pathogeneses of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infection, focusing on the antiviral responses in children and the elderly. By comparing immature immunity in children and immune senescence in older adults, we aim to provide insights for the clinical management of severe co-infection cases.

Indexed as

Co-infectionImmature immunityImmunosenescenceInfluenzaSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID39883362
PMCPMC12443670

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.