Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39881363›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2025

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Parenting Questionnaire.

Kenneth E Miller, Alexandra Chen, Ioannis Bakolis, Gabriela V Koppenol-Gonzalez, Maguy Arnous, Fadila Tossyeh, Dalia Al-Ogaily, Mark J D Jordans

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kenneth E MillerDepartment of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, 2125 Main Mall, Canada. kenneth.miller@ubc.ca.
Alexandra ChenDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Ioannis BakolisHealth Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Gabriela V Koppenol-GonzalezDepartment of Research and Development, War Child Alliance, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Maguy ArnousWar Child Alliance, Lebanon Offices, Beirut and Tripoli, Lebanon.
Fadila TossyehWar Child Alliance, Lebanon Offices, Beirut and Tripoli, Lebanon.
Dalia Al-OgailyWar Child Alliance, Lebanon Offices, Beirut and Tripoli, Lebanon.
Mark J D JordansDepartment of Research and Development, War Child Alliance, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is a paucity of brief self-report parenting measures validated for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We developed the Brief Parenting Questionnaire (BPQ), a 24-item self-report measure for use with parents of children ages 3-12.

objectiveWe describe the development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the BPQ, which was designed to include two subscales: warm and responsive parenting (WRP) and harsh parenting (HP). PARTICIPANTS AND

settingThe sample included an equal number of male and female caregivers (n = 480) from 240 families in North Lebanon that took part in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Caregiver Support Intervention. Study participants were primarily Syrian (95.2%); others were Lebanese (4.2%) and Palestinian (0.6%).

methodsThe development of the BPQ is described. To assess its psychometric properties, we used data from the RCT for which the instrument was developed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structure of the BPQ. The reliability of the BPQ and its potential subscales was assessed by examining the internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Multi-group CFA was conducted to identify if the same two constructs were being measured across mothers and fathers.

resultsA two-factor model best fit the data, with 16 items loading on WRP and seven items on HP, corresponding to the two parenting dimensions the scale was designed to assess. Internal consistency was good: full scale ɑ=0.83, WRP ɑ=0.86, and HP ɑ=0.76. One item not loading on either subscale was retained for theoretical reasons.

conclusionsThe BPQ is a brief culturally grounded self-report measure of parenting validated for use with Middle Eastern Arabic speaking parents. The data for this paper come from a pre-registered trial: ISRCTN33665023.

Indexed as

ParentingParentsAdultChildChild, PreschoolFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansLebanonMaleMiddle AgedPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSelf ReportSurveys and QuestionnairesArmed conflictChild mental healthLMICMeasurementParentingRefugeesStress

Identifiers

PMID39881363
PMCPMC11780980

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.