ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2025
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate diabetes-exacerbated atherosclerosis via AMPK/mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy-related macrophage polarization.
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- An adhesive hydrogel enabling spatiotemporal delivery of umbilical cord exosomes for scarless skin regeneration through immunomodulation and ECM remodeling.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Brazilin attenuates methylglyoxal‑induced endothelial injury by enhancing eIF5A hypusination and inhibiting the AMPK/mTOR‑mediated autophagy/apoptosis axisInternational journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Nanomaterials-Based Immunotherapy for Atherosclerosis.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Lipophagy in disease: signaling control, organelle communication, and therapeutic opportunities.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Sea Urchin-Inspired Immuno-Instructive Ionic Flow Drives MSCs-Macrophage Communication to Promote Bone Regeneration.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles derived by hypoxic preconditioned EPCs attenuated atherosclerosis by suppressing ferroptosis via regulating arginine metabolism.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Overexpression of miR-7641 activates ox-LDL-induced autophagy in macrophages by regulating USP7.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Engineering MSC-exosomes for diabetic bone regeneration: from mechanism to delivery.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles derived from human amniotic fluid stem cells improve bladder dysfunction in rat model of diabetic atherosclerosis.World journal of stem cells · 2026Article
- Diabetes and its complications: molecular mechanisms, prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles enhance the efficacy of ceftiofur against intracellular bacterial infections.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025Article
- Macrophage polarization in diabetic vascular complications: mechanistic insights and therapeutic targets.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- A Bibliometric Analysis of Strategies for Atherosclerosis Treatment with Organic Nanoparticles.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- mTOR Signaling in Macrophages: All Depends on the Context.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The role and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in immunomodulation of type 1 diabetes mellitus and its complications: recent research progress and challenges: a review.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Advancements in diabetes research and stem cell therapy: a concise review.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restore Endothelial Integrity and Alleviate Emotional Impairments in a Diabetic Mouse Model via Inhibition of MMP-9 Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The multifaceted role of post-translational modifications in macrophage polarization: from mechanisms to therapeutic targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The tiny giants of regeneration: MSC-derived extracellular vesicles as next-generation therapeutics.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
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8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionBone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs) are widely used for therapeutic purposes in preclinical studies. However, their utility in treating diabetes-associated atherosclerosis remains largely unexplored. Here, we aimed to characterize BMSC-EV-mediated regulation of autophagy and macrophage polarization.
methodsEVs were isolated from the supernatant of cultured BMSCs and characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting. A diabetes-related atherosclerotic ApoE
resultsDiabetic mice (DA group) had larger aortic plaque areas and lower collagen content than the HFD mice. BMSC-EV treatment significantly reduced blood glucose, LDL levels, and aortic plaque areas while increasing collagen content. BMSC-EV-treated aortas contained a higher number of autophagosomes/autolysosomes, with increased expression of LC3BII correlating with decreased P62 levels and a lower proportion of M1 macrophages. In vitro, BMSC-EVs inhibited proliferation, migration, and foam cell formation in ox-LDL and HG-induced activated RAW264.7 cells. These effects were reversed by the autophagy blocker bafilomycin A1. Consistent with the in vivo findings, BMSC-EVs elevated levels of the autophagy-related protein LC3BII/I and decreased P62 in ox-LDL and HG-induced RAW264.7 cells. These cells also expressed the M1 macrophage markers CD86 and iNOS, but showed reduced expression of the M2 marker Arg-1. Further, BMSC-EVs decreased AMPKα and mTOR phosphorylation levels, which were blocked by the AMPK inhibitor compound C.
conclusionsBMSC-EVs attenuate diabetes-exacerbated atherosclerosis by inhibiting vascular macrophage proliferation, migration, and foam cell formation via AMPK/mTOR signaling-regulated autophagy and macrophage polarization. BMSC-EVs thus hold promise as therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis.
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