Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39880886›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Executive functions in adults born small for gestational age at term: a prospective cohort study.

Mariell Nordgård, Martine Reitan Udnæs, Kristina Anna Djupvik Aakvik, Silje Dahl Benum, Sigrid Hegna Ingvaldsen, Siri Weider, Kari Anne I Evensen

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mariell Nordgård *Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Martine Reitan Udnæs *Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Kristina Anna Djupvik AakvikDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Silje Dahl BenumDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Sigrid Hegna IngvaldsenDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Siri WeiderDepartment of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Kari Anne I EvensenDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. karianne.i.evensen@ntnu.no.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are mixed findings regarding executive functioning in individuals born small for gestational age (SGA) at term and associations between performance-based and self-reported executive functions have yet to be examined in adults. In a prospective cohort study, 56 SGA and 68 non-SGA control participants were assessed at 32 years using the performance-based Trail Making Test (TMT) and the self-report questionnaire Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version (BRIEF-A). The SGA group used 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-3.1) to 3.9 (95% CI 1.2-6.5) seconds more on TMT conditions 1 and 3, indicating more difficulties with visual scanning and letter sequencing than controls. On BRIEF-A, the SGA group scored 1.5 (95% CI 0.2-2.8) points lower on the clinical scale Emotional Control. Correlation coefficients for the association between TMT and BRIEF-A scores ranged from -0.295 (p = 0.065) to 0.345 (p = 0.029) in the SGA group. In conclusion, we found that 32-year-old adults born SGA at term showed poorer performance on some executive function tasks than controls. However, they reported similar executive functioning in everyday life, except for emotional control. The associations between performance-based and self-report assessments of executive functions were weak.

Indexed as

Executive FunctionInfant, Small for Gestational AgeAdultFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornMaleNeuropsychological TestsProspective StudiesSelf ReportSurveys and QuestionnairesTrail Making Test

Identifiers

PMID39880886
PMCPMC11779870

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.