ArticleBMJ open2025
Remote symptom monitoring with patient-reported outcomes and nudges during lung cancer immunotherapy in China (PRO-NET): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cost-Effectiveness of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Interventions in Cancer: Systematic Review and Parameter Extraction for Economic Modeling.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Implementation of patient-reported outcomes in personalized lung cancer care: a qualitative study from the perspective of patients and health care providers.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Article
- Article
- Health-Related Quality of Life in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Blockade: What Do Patient-Reported Outcomes Reveal?Cancers · 2025Review
- Integrating mHealth Innovations into Decentralized Oncology Trials.Journal of medical systems · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of symptom monitoring on electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) among patients with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprising the majority of cases. For advanced NSCLC, immunotherapy offers substantial survival benefits but is often accompanied by severe immune-related adverse events symptoms, significantly affecting health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Routinely collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) followed by automated alerts has been shown to improve overall survival and HRQoL for cancers. However, there is limited evidence for PRO-based symptom monitoring on advanced NSCLC during immunotherapy. This study proposes an electronic PRO-based symptom tracking intervention, integrated with reactive alerts and nudges (PRO-NET) to improve HRQoL for advanced NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy in China. Secondary objectives include assessing the effect of PRO-symptom monitoring on survival, physical function, symptom control, mental health, cost-effectiveness and implementation fidelity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The PRO-NET study is a two-arm, parallel randomised controlled trial. The study will enrol at least 300 advanced NSCLC patients undergoing immunotherapy in China. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group in a ratio of 1:1 via PRO-NET programme. The intervention involves weekly electronic collection of immune-related PROs and reactive alerts sent directly to patients, combined with nudges over a 6-month period. Patients in the control group will follow usual care and will not trigger the alerts. Both the intervention and control groups will receive outcome assessments at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Primary outcome focuses on HRQoL, while secondary outcomes include survival, physical function, symptom burden, mental health, cost-effectiveness and implementation fidelity. Differences in HRQoL between the groups will be compared using general linear mixed model, accounting for potential confounding. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Peking University protocol on 21 July 2024 (No. IRB 00001052-24066). This protocol is based on V2.0, 6 July 2024 of the protocol. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and academic conferences. TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2400088408.
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