ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2025
Population-Level Impact of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination on the Incidence of Genital Warts in Sweden.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Strategies implemented to increase HPV vaccine uptake and confidence among men who have sex with men and transgender people: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Commentary: Reaching everyone: school nurses' experiences of including refugee and migrant students in the extended school-based HPV vaccination programme in Sweden.Journal of research in nursing : JRN · 2025Article
- Gender-neutral human papillomavirus vaccination: an equitable and cost-effective public health investment.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSweden introduced human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in 2006 via opportunistic, subsidized, catch-up, and school-based programs. Notably, genital warts (GW) are the first observable clinical outcome following HPV-6/11 infection, the strains targeted by vaccination. We aim to assess the incidence of GW in Sweden and its change throughout vaccination programs.
methodsThis ecological study used Swedish registers to obtain national population data and cases of GW from 2006 to 2018 in 15- to 44-year-old men and women. We used Poisson models to estimate GW incidence change after vaccination compared to a prevaccination period, stratified by age and sex, and incidence change of GW in birth cohorts eligible for vaccination compared to a prevaccination cohort. Finally, we estimated GW cases averted in each vaccinated cohort.
resultsThe incidence of GW decreased during periods following HPV vaccination. In 2016-2018, over a decade after vaccination availability, incidence decreased by 89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83%-93%), 73% (95% CI, 71%-75%), 50% (95% CI, 43%-56%), and 20% (95% CI, 10%-28%) in women aged 15-19, 20-24, 25-29, and 30-34 years, respectively. A similar reduction was observable in men, although of lower magnitude. We estimated 18 890 and 12 343 GW cases averted among vaccinated cohorts of women and men, respectively.
conclusionsWe report on population-level decreases of GW incidence in women and men following increased vaccination coverage. Cohorts eligible for school-based vaccination recorded the largest decrease in GW incidence in Sweden to date. For the period under study, decreases among men could be attributed to herd effects.
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