ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2025
Clinical outcomes and care for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: A national cohort study.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Association of Early Albumin Administration with Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Altered Pathogen Spectrum of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients Treated With Proton Pump Inhibitors.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Is Associated With High Mortality, Which Interacts With Antibiotic Prophylaxis in a National Cirrhosis Cohort.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Fluoroquinolones for the Prophylaxis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: Are They Losing Ground?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) leads to high rates of acute kidney injury (AKI), hepatorenal syndrome, and mortality. Population-based studies on contemporary SBP epidemiology are needed to inform care. In a large, national cohort of patients diagnosed with SBP and confirmed by ascitic fluid criteria, we characterized ascitic fluid characteristics, in-hospital and 12-month mortality, AKI, and recurrent SBP. APPROACH AND
resultsWe investigated how individual and bundled quality measures for SBP associated with outcomes after multi-level adjustment for health-system, patient clinical factors, and quality measures. Individual and bundled quality metrics were inpatient antibiotics within 48 hours, i.v. albumin, repeat paracentesis within 48 hours, recognition of SBP, and prophylactic antibiotics upon discharge. Among 4330 patients with newly diagnosed SBP, in-hospital mortality was 15.5%, and 12-month mortality was 56.6%. The incidence of stage 1 AKI was 26.6%, 15.7% for stage 2, and 22.8% for stage 3. The cumulative incidence of recurrent SBP was 10.3%. Guideline-recommended albumin was the only individual metric associated with reduced in-hospital mortality (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.91). Receipt of a higher number of metrics from the SBP bundle was associated with progressively lower 12-month post-discharge mortality: patients who received 3, 4, and 5 SBP bundle components had 20%, 38%, and 56% lower hazard of mortality, respectively, relative to those receiving 2 or fewer (all p <0.001). The SBP bundle was associated with a lower incidence of stage 3 versus stage 0-2 AKI (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.51-0.86).
conclusionsProspective implementation of evidence-based SBP bundles may improve care outcomes and mortality in SBP.
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