ArticleCoDAS2025
Correlation between risk factors that influence the development of children's language.
Article in CoDAS, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comprehensive Evaluation of Language, Speech, and Communication Skills in 24- to 36-Month-Old Twins and Singletons: Developmental Differences and Associated Factors.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Characteristics of gut microbiota in children with language developmental delay.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo identify the most significant risk factors for child development through the application of two risk protocols, namely, the Protocol for the Identification of Risk Factors for Language and Speech Disorders (PIFRAL) and the Language Development Protocol (PDL).
methodsA retrospective study was carried out with 194 children aged 0 to 5 years and 11 months who were participants of primary health care (PHC) in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2016 to 2020. The database was thoroughly analyzed using R software, and the most relevant risk factors were correlated through statistical analysis, generating altered and unaltered PDL results. Altered PDL results in the presence of one or more altered axes.
resultsOf the 194 participants, 62.4% had altered PDLs, and the risk factors that were most common in this group were male gender; being white; having a family socioeconomic level of upper middle, lower middle or low class; having a level of education up to high school; having a child with an altered temperament and having a mother with an altered temperament.
conclusionThis research has achieved its goals, first, by correlating the PIFRAL and PDL protocols and second, by showing some of the risk factors for child development and their implications for language acquisition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.