ArticleScience advances2025
A phytoplasma effector suppresses insect melanization immune response to promote pathogen persistent transmission.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- The C-type lectin AcCTL5 fromVirulence · 2026Article
- Can the leafhopper microbiome unlock new strategies for its control?Journal of economic entomology · 2026Review
- Phytoplasma Effector SJP8 Suppresses Host Immunity by Promoting the Degradation of ZjMYB15 and ZjMYB86-like to Perturb Jasmonic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Homeostasis in Jujube.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
- Host Diversity and Phylogenetic Evolution of Phytoplasmas on Hainan Island in China, Bringing Challenges to Monitoring and Prevention of Related Plant Diseases.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comparative Genome Analysis of 16SrXII-A 'Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Extended phenotype of phytoplasmas in eukaryotic systems: mechanisms and ecological implications.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Article
- Beyond Single-Pathogen Models: Understanding Mixed Infections Involving Phytoplasmas and Other Plant Pathogens.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bacterial vector-borne plant diseases: global issues caused by three-way interactions.Crop health · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Insect melanization triggered by the conversion of prophenoloxidase to active phenoloxidase via serine proteases (SPs) is an important immediate immune response. However, how phytoplasmas evade this immune response to promote their propagation in insect vectors remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that infection of leafhopper vectors with rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROLP) activates the mild melanization response in hemolymph. ROLP-encoded effector protein SRP1 is highly expressed in leafhopper hemolymph, where it competitively binds to SP2, thereby inhibiting SP2-mediated cleavage of prophenoloxidase into active phenoloxidase. Consequently, microinjection of SRP1 effectively suppresses the melanization response and enhances ROLP propagation. The histidine residue at position 23 of SRP1 is essential for SRP1-SP2 interaction, and the mutation of this position abolishes its ability to inhibit such SP2-meidated cleavage, ultimately promoting melanization response and inhibiting ROLP propagation. Our findings provide insights into how phytoplasmas antagonize insect melanization response to facilitate their persistent transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.