Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39879190›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Exploring the relationship between established HIV risk factors and depressive symptoms amongst young women without HIV in two sites in South Africa.

Zanenhlanhla Gumbi, Celia Mehou-Loko, Lindi Masson, Makhosazana Mdladla, Nokuthula Maphumulo, Jo-Ann Passmore, Sanele Mbeje, Linda Gail Bekker, Disebo Potloane, Heather Jaspan and 5 more

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Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Zanenhlanhla GumbiCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Celia Mehou-LokoDepartment of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Lindi MassonCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Makhosazana MdladlaCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Nokuthula MaphumuloCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Jo-Ann PassmoreCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Sanele MbejeCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Linda Gail BekkerDepartment of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Disebo PotloaneCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Heather JaspanDepartment of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Nina RadzeyDepartment of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Andrea AbrahamsDepartment of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Rushil HarryparsadDepartment of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Pamela MkhizeCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Hilton HumphriesCentre for Community-Based Research, Human Science Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-8503-4127

Funding

University of Washington/Fred Hutch Center for AIDS ResearchP30AI027757 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CONNIE L CELUM · 1988 to 2026
$104.9M
Mucosal injury from sexual practices: Behaviour and biology of South African adolescentsR01AI128792 · NIAID · SEATTLE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI JASPAN, HEATHER BERYL, PASSMORE, JO-ANN SHELLEY · 2017 to 2020
$2.2M
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027757NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI128792
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAdolescent girls are at high risk for depression and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Poor mental health can increase vulnerability to risky sexual behaviours. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of depressive symptomology and explore the convergence of HIV risk factors with depressive symptoms amongst cis-gender adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in rural KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and peri-urban Western Cape (WC) communities in South Africa.

methodsCross-sectional survey data from two sites in South Africa was used - the rural Vulindlela community in KZN and the peri-urban Philippi East community in the WC. Study inclusion criteria included being sexually active with at least one male partner, and not planning to relocate in the next 12 months. The PHQ-9 scale was used to determine depressive symptomology, a socio-behavioural questionnaire was used to determine sexual behaviours, odds ratios and confidence intervals derived from logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between depressive symptomology and socio-behavioural factors associated with HIV acquisition.

resultsThe cohort consisted of 274 adolescent girls, 38.6% from the WC site and 61.4% from the KZN site. Overall, 15.7% (43/274) of AGYW reported depressive symptoms. Participants from the peri-urban WC site were more likely to experience depressive symptoms (OR 8.34; 95% CI 3.80-18.30) compared to those living in the rural KZN site. Depressive symptoms were less likely to occur in adolescent girls between the ages of 14 to 17 as compared to those between the ages of 18 and 19 (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.22-0.90). Socio-behavioural HIV risk factors associated with depressive symptoms include: age disparate relationships (OR 2.98; 95% CI 1.52-5.84), high (four or more) numbers of lifetime partners (OR 8.15; 95% CI 3.60-18.45) and engaging in sex under the influence of alcohol (OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.32-5.04). Multivariate analysis showed that participants from the WC site (AOR 5.25; 95% CI 1.95-14.17) had higher odds of experiencing depressive symptoms while participants with four or more lifetime partners (AOR 3.46; 95% CI 1.24-9.60) were at higher odds of experiencing depressive symptoms.

conclusionIn this cross-sectional study, depressive symptomology is associated with certain HIV risk behaviours. Longitudinal studies are required to test the causal relationship between depression and HIV acquisition and to better understand the geospatial differences observed.

Indexed as

DepressionHIV InfectionsAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansPrevalenceRisk FactorsRural PopulationSexual BehaviorSouth AfricaSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID39879190
PMCPMC11778764

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.