Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39878321›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025

Beam Scanning with Ultra-Low Sidelobes and In-Band Ultra-Low Scattering Characteristics Empowered by Single Space-Time-Coding Radiation-Scattering Metasurface.

Lixin Jiang, Yongfeng Li, Hao Yang, Mingbao Yan, Jinming Jiang, Yunwei Zhang, Zhe Qin, Wanwan Yang, Hongya Chen, Yongqiang Pang and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Lixin JiangShaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5137-8666
Yongfeng LiShaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.
Hao YangShaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.
Mingbao YanShaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.
Jinming JiangShaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.
Yunwei ZhangShaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.
Zhe QinShaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.
Wanwan YangShaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.
Hongya ChenShaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.
Yongqiang PangElectronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiao-tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
Zhihao GuoShaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.
Lin ZhengShaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.
Jiafu WangShaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.
Shaobo QuShaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52272101Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province 2024JC-YBMS-462Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province 2024JC-YBMS-518Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province 2023-CX-TD-48The National Key Research and Development Program of China SQ2022YFB3806200
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The integrated modulation of radiation and scattering provides an unprecedented opportunity to reduce the number of electromagnetic (EM) apertures in the platform while simultaneously enhancing communication and stealth performance. Nevertheless, achieving full-polarization, arbitrary amplitude, and phase modulation of radiation scattering remains a challenge. In this paper, a strategy that realizes space-time coding of radiation scattering within the same frequency band, which enables the simultaneous and independent modulation of amplitude and phase, is proposed. To address the limitations of the high sideband levels (SBLs) of conventional space-time-coding metasurfaces, a strategy comprising nonuniform modulation periods and stochastic coding is proposed. Consequently, beam scanning with ultra-low sidelobe levels (SLLs) and suppressed SBLs is achieved in the radiation mode (RM). In scattering mode (SM), in-band low scattering characteristics are achieved within the same operating frequency band as RM. A prototype of a space-time-coding radiation-scattering metasurface (STCRSM) is fabricated and the aforementioned functionalities are validated by measurements. Furthermore, the proposed strategy does not necessitate the utilization of optimization algorithms and exhibits low SLLs and low SBLs, which will make it flourish in RF stealth applications, such as covert communication systems.

Indexed as

radiation‐scatteringspace‐time‐coding metasurface

Identifiers

PMID39878321
PMCPMC11923893

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.