ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Interactions of human milk oligosaccharides with the immune system.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Combined HMOs and α-MFGM Ameliorate LPS-Induced Intestinal Mucosal and Systemic Immune Dysfunction via Modulation of Gut Microbiota.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Human Milk as a Model for Next-Generation Infant Formula: Opportunities and Challenges.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- 2'-FL's Depiction of the Human Physiological Function Landscape.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- 2'-Fucosyllactose AttenuatesMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Short-term modulation of human milk oligosaccharides in plasma and milk by glucose and insulin: insights into postpartum metabolic regulation.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Maternal Microbiome in Fetal Programming: A One Health Perspective on Translational Implications for Early-Life Health.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Human milk oligosaccharide supplementation for metabolic health and obesity: potential mechanisms, current evidence, and research priorities.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Article
- Developmental ecology of the infant oral ecosystem: a framework for early childhood caries.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Review
- Beyond breastfeeding: a One Health Decalogue for nurturing the infant microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Anti-Pneumococcal Properties of the Native Human Milk Oligosaccharide Fraction: A Concentration-Dependent Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Human Microbiome as an Immunoregulatory Axis: Mechanisms, Dysbiosis, and Therapeutic Modulation.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Article
- The Home as a Modulator of Milk Immunity: Association Between Domestic Factors and Immune Cell Populations in Human Breast Milk.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Challenges and Opportunities in Quantifying Bioactive Compounds in Human Breastmilk.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The gut-lung axis in asthma: microbiota-driven mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Glycosyltransferases: glycoengineers in human milk oligosaccharide synthesis and manufacturing.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndromes and the gut-oral-brain axis: a narrative review of emerging microbiome-immune interactions and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundant, diverse and complex sugars present in human breast milk. HMOs are well-characterized barriers to microbial infection and by modulating the human microbiome they are also thought to be nutritionally beneficial to the infant. The structural variety of over 200 HMOs, including neutral, fucosylated and sialylated forms, allows them to interact with the immune system in various ways. Clinically, HMOs impact allergic diseases, reducing autoimmune and inflammatory responses, and offer beneficial support to the preterm infant immune health. This review examines the HMO composition and associated immunomodulatory effects, including interactions with immune cell receptors and gut-associated immune responses. These immunomodulatory properties highlight the potential for HMO use in early stage immune development and for use as novel immunotherapeutics. HMO research is rapidly evolving and promises innovative treatments for immune-related conditions and improved health outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.