Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39875847›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among students enrolled at King Khalid University: a cross-sectional study.

Abdulaziz M Al-Garni, Ayed A Shati, Nora A Almonawar, Ghadi M Alamri, Lujain A Alasmre, Thamraa N Saad, Faisal M Alshehri, Esraa Abdellatif Hammouda, Ramy Mohammed Ghazy

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  15. The Impact of Spiritual Well-Being on Multidimensional Perfectionism in University Students: A Nationwide Survey.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Abdulaziz M Al-GarniDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Ayed A ShatiDepartment of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Nora A AlmonawarCollege of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Ghadi M AlamriCollege of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Lujain A AlasmreCollege of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Thamraa N SaadCollege of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Faisal M AlshehriCollege of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Esraa Abdellatif HammoudaClinical Research Department, El-Raml Pediatric Hospital, Ministry of Health and Population, Alexandria, Egypt. hiph.eabdellatif@alexu.edu.eg.ORCID 0000-0003-3269-6623
Ramy Mohammed GhazyFamily and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University RGP2/378/44
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUniversity students are more likely to experience mental disorders. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among health and non-health university students at King Khalid University students, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

methodsAn anonymous validated short form of Arabic questionnaire of the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) survey was distributed online on social media platforms and through face-to-face interview for 1700 students from March 1st to May 31st 2024. A multivariate linear regression model was used to examine the relationships between the independent variables (age, gender, academic year, and study field) and the dependent variables (depression, anxiety, and stress).

resultsMore than half of the surveyed students (72.8%) were females. The age distribution reveals that the majority of students (71.4%) fall within the 20-25 years old, 22.6% were in their third year, and more than half (58.6%) pursued studies in non-health science disciplines. Almost 12% experienced moderate stress and 39% suffered from moderate, severe, and extremely severe anxiety, while 29.5% had moderate to severe depression. Youths younger than 25 years were at higher risk of experiencing depression (45.14% vs. 32.32% P = 0.024), stress (46.87% vs. 33.33%, P = 0.034), and anxiety than older ages (55.52% vs.43.43%, P = 0.019). Females also suffered more stress (48.47% vs. 38.53%, P = 0.0001), and anxiety (58.32 vs. 48.48%, P = 0.0001) than males. The correlations between depression and anxiety (0.75), depression and stress (0.83), and anxiety and stress (0.81) all indicate very strong positive correlations, with all tests being highly significant (P < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that older age was associated with lower depression scores (P = 0.017), while female gender was associated with higher anxiety and stress scores (P < 0.001 for both).

conclusionThe findings highlight the urgent need for regular screening and monitoring of students' mental health status at King Khalid University. Implementing targeted mental health interventional programs is essential to help students to cope with different stressors with a particular focus on addressing the heightened challenges faced by female students.

Indexed as

AnxietyDepressionStress, PsychologicalStudentsAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceSaudi ArabiaSurveys and QuestionnairesUniversitiesYoung AdultAnxietyDASS-21DepressionStressUniversity students

Identifiers

PMID39875847
PMCPMC11773868

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.