Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39875592›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Intrusion detection in metaverse environment internet of things systems by metaheuristics tuned two level framework.

Milos Antonijevic, Miodrag Zivkovic, Milica Djuric Jovicic, Bosko Nikolic, Jasmina Perisic, Marina Milovanovic, Luka Jovanovic, Mahmoud Abdel-Salam, Nebojsa Bacanin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Milos AntonijevicSingidunum University, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
Miodrag ZivkovicSingidunum University, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
Milica Djuric JovicicInnovation Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
Bosko NikolicSchool of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
Jasmina PerisicSingidunum University, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
Marina MilovanovicSingidunum University, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
Luka JovanovicSingidunum University, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
Mahmoud Abdel-SalamFaculty of Computer and Information Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
Nebojsa BacaninSingidunum University, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. nbacanin@singidunum.ac.rs.

Funding

Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia 7373Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia 7502
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most important emerging technologies that supports Metaverse integrating process, by enabling smooth data transfer among physical and virtual domains. Integrating sensor devices, wearables, and smart gadgets into Metaverse environment enables IoT to deepen interactions and enhance immersion, both crucial for a completely integrated, data-driven Metaverse. Nevertheless, because IoT devices are often built with minimal hardware and are connected to the Internet, they are highly susceptible to different types of cyberattacks, presenting a significant security problem for maintaining a secure infrastructure. Conventional security techniques have difficulty countering these evolving threats, highlighting the need for adaptive solutions powered by artificial intelligence (AI). This work seeks to improve trust and security in IoT edge devices integrated in to the Metaverse. This study revolves around hybrid framework that combines convolutional neural networks (CNN) and machine learning (ML) classifying models, like categorical boosting (CatBoost) and light gradient-boosting machine (LightGBM), further optimized through metaheuristics optimizers for leveraged performance. A two-leveled architecture was designed to manage intricate data, enabling the detection and classification of attacks within IoT networks. A thorough analysis utilizing a real-world IoT network attacks dataset validates the proposed architecture's efficacy in identification of the specific variants of malevolent assaults, that is a classic multi-class classification challenge. Three experiments were executed utilizing data open to public, where the top models attained a supreme accuracy of 99.83% for multi-class classification. Additionally, explainable AI methods offered valuable supplementary insights into the model's decision-making process, supporting future data collection efforts and enhancing security of these systems.

Indexed as

CatBoostChimp optimization algorithmLightGBMMetaheuristics algorithmsMetaverseOptimization

Identifiers

PMID39875592
PMCPMC11775292

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.