ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025
Oral Microalgae-Based Biosystem to Enhance Irreversible Electroporation Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of an Electro-Responsive Sorafenib-Loaded Polypyrrole Coating-Modified Nickel-Titanium Alloy for Tumor Ablation Therapy.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Biomaterial-Integrated Electroporation for Therapeutic Delivery: From Gene Editing to Tumor Ablation and Immune Modulation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Exploring Microalgae as a Novel Resource for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bacteria-powered LA@CaDGP biomotor: a multi-modal weapon integrating calcium overload, chemotherapy, and starvation for breast cancer therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Synergistic immunomodulation: integrating physical ablation with immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic colorectal carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- An Effective Oral Drug Delivery Route for Pharmacokinetic Complications: Spirulina Lipid Nanotechnology System.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Oral Microalgae-Based Biosystem to Enhance Irreversible Electroporation Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Unlocking the potential of engineered microbes in immunotoxin-based cancer therapy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Pulsed electric fields: a sharp sword in the battle against cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel local tumor ablation technique that can potentially stimulate immune responses. However, IRE alone cannot effectively activate the immune system or prevent distant metastases. Therefore, this study utilized the biocompatibility of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and polydopamine (PDA) adhesive properties to encapsulate a PD-1 inhibitor (PI). The PDA coating protects the drug from degradation by stomach acid and enhances its intestinal absorption. This carrier demonstrates excellent in vivo drug release control and biodistribution, significantly increasing the oral bioavailability of PI. Combining IRE with this natural carrier significantly improves the therapeutic efficacy, which increases the local drug concentration and activates the immune system. This system demonstrates significantly improved therapeutic efficacy against local tumors compared with PI or IRE alone and significantly reduces PI-associated side effects. A convenient oral delivery system is developed using this readily available natural micro-carrier that not only improves the therapeutic effect of IRE but also mitigates its adverse effects, indicating significant potential for clinical applications. This discovery offers a new strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment with the potential to improve patient outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.