ReviewInternational nursing review2025
Factors influencing negative outcomes for nurses who experience patient safety incidents: An integrative review.
Review in International nursing review, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Factors influencing negative outcomes for nurses who experience patient safety incidents: An integrative review.International nursing review · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo synthesize evidence on factors influencing negative outcomes following patient safety incidents.
backgroundPatient safety incidents affect not only patients and families but also healthcare workers (second victims) and institutions (third victims). Nurses are at risk due to stressful environments and direct patient care, leading to defensive practices, job turnover, and errors. Identifying these factors and developing support strategies are crucial.
methodsThis integrative review followed Whittemore and Knafl's method, guided by the middle-range theory of nurses' psychological trauma. Seven databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, KISS, KMbase, and RISS) were searched for English and Korean articles from 2014 to 2023. Study quality was evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute tools, and reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist.
resultsA review of 24 cross-sectional studies from the United States and China revealed factors such as genetic/biological (e.g., gender and age), environmental (e.g., work experience and organizational support), and psychological (e.g., distress and coping). Nonpunitive cultures reduced negative emotions, while high harm and preventable incidents increased negative impacts, mitigated by spirituality. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and supportive policies.
conclusionMultidimensional support strategies are necessary to improve nurses' working environments and patient care quality. Further research should explore additional mitigating factors and third victim studies. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY: This review highlights the need for global mental health strategies and supportive organizational cultures for nurses. Addressing punitive environments and systemic factors through policy changes can improve nurse well-being and patient care quality. Creating safer environments not only benefits nurses but also enhances the quality and safety of patient care, ultimately driving the provision of better healthcare services.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.