ArticleHeliyon2025
Blood levels of cytokines highlight the role of inflammation in Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Rethinking Alzheimer's: novel miRNAs illuminate a disease beyond the brain.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- New perspectives on VEGF signalling in Alzheimer's disease.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Peripheral TARC (CCL17) Levels Track Widespread Microstructural Vulnerability in Cognitively Unimpaired Older African Americans.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Associations between parental history of dementia and plasma markers of inflammation in a multi-ethnic middle-aged community of adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Tracing melanin-concentrating hormone function: decades of memory research and emerging links to Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Integrated Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiling for Developing Novel Plasma-Based Diagnostic Models of Sarcopenia.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Identification of plasma inflammatory biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease reveals IFN-γ as a regulator of ACSL1-mediated microglia phenotype.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic and treatment strategies in a memory clinic for older adults in a region with a predominantly low-income population.Frontiers in dementia · 2026Article
- Targeting dysregulated CB1 receptors in a Down syndrome mouse model improves neurological outcomes.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
33 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation and angiogenesis have been defined as potential mechanisms associated with clinical progression from a cognitively normal state to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this observational case-control study, we aimed to determine plasma levels of cytokines as indicators of inflammation involved in cognitive decline. We measured 30 plasma proteins in 49 controls (CTL), 36 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 52 patients diagnosed with probable AD. After applying strict filters for quantification limits, only 13 analytes were included in the analysis. Kruskal-Wallis tests showed significant differences between diagnostic groups for nine cytokines (IL-16, IL-7, VEGF, IL-8, eotaxin, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC and TARC). Non-parametric MANCOVA showed that sex and diagnosis affected cytokine levels in the blood. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the markers, we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Only those analytes that showed an area under the curve (AUC) ≥ 0.70 were included in the multivariate logistic regression models to better understand the contribution of cytokines to clinical status. Three models: 1) CTL vs. AD; 2) CTL vs. MCI, and 3) MCI vs. AD were developed, with sex and age as covariates. In each model, two cytokines remained significantly different (model 1: IL-16 and MDC; model 2: eotaxin and MDC and model 3: IL-7 and VEGF). Taken together, this report identifies a set of plasma markers of inflammation and strengthens the role of glial biology in different clinical stages of AD.
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