ArticleInternational journal of nursing studies advances2025
Physical symptoms distress and demoralization among haemodialysis patients; the mediating effect of spirituality and self-compassion. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey.
Article in International journal of nursing studies advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Long-term haemodialysis patients often experience physical symptom distress (PSD) and varying levels of demoralization. Spirituality and self-compassion can help patients to cope these challenges. However, the interrelations between these variables remain underexplored, necessitating further investigation. Objectives: To examine the effect of PSD on demoralization among haemodialysis patients and to determine whether spirituality and self-compassion mediate these relationships. Design: A cross-sectional correlational study. Settings: A convenience sample was used to recruit from two haemodialysis clinics. Methods: Self-report questionnaires were the Physical Symptom Distress Scale, Demoralization Scale, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale-12, and Self-Compassion Scale. Relationships and mediators were examined with Pearson's correlations and multiple linear regression analysis, respectively. Results: A total of 156 participants participated. Mean age of participants was 61.3 years ( Conclusion: Long-term haemodialysis can cause chronic symptom distress and feelings of demoralization. The mediating effects of spirituality and self-compassion on PSD and demoralization suggest that these qualities may act as emotional regulators that enable haemodialysis patients to be more accepting of symptom distress, which results in lower levels of demoralization. Our findings imply that developing strategies to increase spirituality and self-compassion could help patients manage chronic symptom distress associated with haemodialysis, reduce demoralization, and ultimately improve their quality of life.
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