ReviewTransplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation2024
The Evolution of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Pig-to-Nonhuman Primate Organ Transplantation.
Review in Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Comparative Analysis of Pig-to-Rhesus Corneal Xenotransplantation with Various Immunosuppressive Regimens.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2026Article
- Swine Leukocyte Antigen-12 Behaves Like a Swine Leukocyte Antigen Classical Class I Protein and is a Potential Xenoantigen in Humans.Transplantation direct · 2026Article
- Xenotransplantation in Nephrology: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Porcine xenotransplantation in the clinical era: converging advances and unresolved barriers on the path to clinical translation - a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Transplant International: Looking Back at 2025, Looking Forward to 2026.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026Article
- Modern xenotransplantation: rewiring glycan-mediated immunogenicity via genome-glycome convergence.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
- Allogeneic Islet Transplantation: Chronicle of a Death Foretold?Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Article
- Immunosuppressive and Non-Immunosuppressive Drugs for Heart Xenotransplantation in Humans: Is Europe Ready?XenotransplantationReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
An overview is provided of the evolution of strategies towards xenotransplantation during the past almost 40 years, focusing on advances in gene-editing of the organ-source pigs, pre-transplant treatment of the recipient, immunosuppressive protocols, and adjunctive therapy. Despite initial challenges, including hyperacute rejection resulting from natural (preformed) antibody binding and complement activation, significant progress has been made through gene editing of the organ-source pigs and refinement of immunosuppressive regimens. Major steps were the identification and deletion of expression of the three known glycan xenoantigens on pig vascular endothelial cells, the transgenic expression of human "protective" proteins, e.g., complement-regulatory, coagulation-regulatory, and anti-inflammatory proteins, and the administration of an immunosuppressive regimen based on blockade of the CD40/CD154 T cell co-stimulation pathway. Efforts to address systemic inflammation followed. The synergy between gene editing and judicious immunomodulation appears to largely prevent graft rejection and is associated with a relatively good safety profile. Though there remains an incidence of severe or persistent proteinuria (nephrotic syndrome) in a minority of cases. This progress offers renewed hope for patients in need of life-saving organ transplants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.