Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39871176›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025

Quality of antenatal care services in Afghanistan: findings from the national survey 2022-2023.

Essa Tawfiq, Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai, Zabihullah Anwary, Khalid Akbari, Hadia Sayam, Abdul Wahed Wasiq, Omid Dadras

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

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  7. Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Cross-sectional Study of Prevalence and Associated Factors among Women Who Delivered at a Regional Hospital in Afghanistan.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Essa TawfiqThe Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Muhammad Haroon StanikzaiDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kandahar University, District # 10, 3801, Kandahar, Afghanistan. haroonstanikzai1@gmail.com.
Zabihullah AnwaryClinic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Bost University, Helmand, Afghanistan.
Khalid AkbariDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Paktia University, Paktia, Afghanistan.
Hadia SayamPara-Clinic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Malalay Institute of Higher Education, Kandahar, Afghanistan.
Abdul Wahed WasiqDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kandahar University, Kandahar, Afghanistan.
Omid DadrasDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe optimum use of antenatal care (ANC) services can reduce pregnancy-related complications and deaths. However, there is limited information on the quality of ANC services in Afghanistan. This study aimed to assess the quality of ANC services and examine the influence of sociodemographic factors on the quality of ANC services received by pregnant women in Afghanistan.

methodsThis study analyzed the data from the 2022-23 Afghanistan Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS), including 9,243 ever-married women aged 15-49 years who had given birth two years prior to the survey. ANC quality was classified as "good" if a woman had at least four ANC visits, initiated ANC during the first trimester, and received all four essential ANC services. Binary logistic regression was employed to examine the likelihood of receiving good-quality ANC across various sociodemographic variables.

resultsOnly 6.2% of women received good-quality ANC. Factors significantly associated with receiving good-quality ANC included woman's secondary (AOR:1.87, 95%CI: 1.33-2.63) and higher education levels (AOR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.01-3.03), household head's higher education level (AOR:1.63, 95%CI: 1.11-2.40), and wealth status (1.71, 2.26, 1.92, and 1.97 higher odds of receiving good-quality ANC for 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th as compared to 1st quintiles of wealth, respectively).

conclusionThe low utilization of good-quality ANC among women in Afghanistan, particularly among those at lower wealth status, with low education levels, underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve access and utilization of antenatal care services.

Indexed as

Prenatal CareQuality of Health CareAdolescentAdultAfghanistanFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPregnancySocioeconomic FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultAfghanistanAntenatal careMICSQuality

Identifiers

PMID39871176
PMCPMC11770956

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.