Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39870695›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Next generation sequencing of multiple SARS-CoV-2 infections in the Omicron Era.

Marzia Cavalli, Giulia Campoli, Anna Anselmo, Rossella Brandi, Antonella Fortunato, Maria Di Spirito, Anella Monte, Martina Lipari, Manfredo Bortone, Vanessa Vera Fain and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Marzia Cavalli *Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184, Rome, Italy. marzia.cavalli@persociv.difesa.it.
Giulia Campoli *Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Anna AnselmoDefence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Rossella BrandiDefence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Antonella FortunatoDefence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Maria Di SpiritoDefence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Anella MonteDefence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Martina LipariDefence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Manfredo BortoneDefence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Vanessa Vera FainDefence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Raffaele D'Amelio *Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Florigio ListaDefence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Silvia FilloDefence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184, Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the need for an effective vaccine has appeared crucial for stimulating immune system responses to produce humoral/cellular immunity and activate immunological memory. It has been demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralizing immunity elicited by previous infection and/or vaccination, leading to new infection waves and cases of reinfection. The study aims to gain into cases of reinfections, particularly infections and/or vaccination-induced protection. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study using data collected during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This analysis involved Reverse Transcriptase Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). RT-qPCR was performed on 416,466 naso-oropharyngeal swabs, with 10,380 samples further analyzed using NGS technology. RT-qPCR identified 350 cases of reinfection, of which 228 were subjected to detailed analysis via NGS. Our findings revealed two interesting cases involving pediatric patients who were not vaccinated. Positive results were observed in these cases within a short interval (< 60 days) and the "nature" of the infection, whether attributable to Reinfection or Viral Persistence, was investigated. Specifically, we discuss a case involving an unvaccinated 18-month-old child, which may represent one of the earliest instances of BA.5/BA.5 reinfection identified worldwide.

Indexed as

COVID-19High-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingSARS-CoV-2AdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolCOVID-19 VaccinesFemaleHumansInfantMaleMiddle AgedReinfectionRetrospective StudiesVaccinationCOVID-19 VaccinesNGSOmicronReactivationReinfectionSARS-CoV-2Vaccine

Identifiers

PMID39870695
PMCPMC11772649

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.