Subtypes of Insulin Restriction in Diabetes Management: A Systematic Review.

Abstract readSystematic Review

In one paragraph

Synthesis in Current diabetes reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026
Review

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Aislinn B BeamDepartment of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA. abeam@ucmerced.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-1795-9023

Deborah J WiebeDepartment of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-4937

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewInsulin restriction is commonly studied as a form of disordered eating, but people may restrict insulin for many reasons. This systematic review examined how insulin restriction has been conceptualized and measured, and its associated predictors and outcomes. RECENT

findingsForty-seven unique articles measured non-specified insulin restriction (IR), insulin restriction specifically for weight control (IRWC), or both. Eight studies used non-specified measures to examine insulin restriction for a specific purpose. IR was more prevalent than IRWC, but both occurred equally among men and women across ages. Higher negative emotions were associated with both constructs, while lower self-management behaviors were examined and associated only with IR; both constructs were associated with higher HbA1c. When measured simultaneously, IR and IRWC were not correlated. There may be subtypes of insulin restriction. Future research should develop measures to assess and examine distinct subtypes, and translate findings into effective interventions for this dangerous behavior.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusInsulinFemaleHumansMaleSelf-ManagementInsulinDiabetesDiabetes self-careDisordered eatingInsulin mismanagementInsulin omissionInsulin restriction

Identifiers

PMID39869135

DOI10.1007/s11892-025-01577-3

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.