Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39868833›Full record

Observational studyPM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation2025

Functional independence trajectories over 5 years in older veterans with traumatic brain injury: A model systems study.

Mia E Dini, Rachel E Wallace, Daniel W Klyce, Carmen M Tyler, Michael Vriesman, Shannon B Juengst, Victoria Liou-Johnson, Kelli W Gary, Kristen Dams-O'Connor, Raj G Kumar and 3 more

Abstract readObservational StudyMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Mia E DiniResearch Service, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, Virginia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9985-961X
Rachel E WallaceMental Health Service, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, Virginia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-7829
Daniel W KlyceMental Health Service, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, Virginia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-0215
Carmen M TylerDepartment of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5265-184X
Michael VriesmanMental Health Service, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Shannon B JuengstBrain Injury Research Center, The Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Memorial Hermann, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4709-545X
Victoria Liou-JohnsonPolytrauma Department, VA Palo Alto Healthcare Center, Palo Alto, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7377-6147
Kelli W GaryDepartment of Rehabilitation Counseling, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0712-9061
Kristen Dams-O'ConnorDepartment of Rehabilitation and Human Performance and Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Raj G KumarDepartment of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Umesh M VenkatesanJefferson Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Kritzia MercedMental Health Service, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, Virginia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-7614
Paul B PerrinDepartment of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2070-215X

Funding

Defense Health Agency HT0014-22-C-0016National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research #90DPTB0019National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research #90DPTB0021National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research #90DPTB0025National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research #90DPTB0028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundResearch on older adults who sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) has predominantly been on civilian, nonveteran populations. Military populations experience higher rates of TBI and often experience the additive effects of TBI and other comorbid disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and/or substance use that may increase disability over time.

objectiveTo investigate predictors of functional independence trajectories over the 5 years after TBI in veterans 55 years or older at injury.

settingFive Veterans Affairs (VA) polytrauma rehabilitation center (PRC) inpatient rehabilitation programs.

participantsVeterans who experienced their TBI at 55 years or older and had completed one or more Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Motor and Cognitive measure at 1, 2, or 5 years after TBI (n = 184) from the VA TBI Model Systems national database.

designRetrospective analysis of observational data using hierarchical linear models. MAIN MEASURES: FIM Motor and Cognitive scores at 1, 2, and 5 years after TBI.

resultsMotor and cognitive functioning decreased over time. Lower FIM Motor trajectories occurred in participants who had pre-TBI functional limitations in going out of the home and with longer posttraumatic amnesia (PTA). FIM Motor scores decreased over time, and the decrease was steeper for those with a moderate or severe injury. Lower FIM Cognitive trajectories occurred in participants who had problematic substance use at baseline and among those with longer PTA. FIM Cognitive scores decreased at a steeper rate for participants with greater injury severity.

conclusionsSimilar to previously published studies in civilian populations, older veterans with TBI may be at risk for functional and cognitive decline. This study's findings increase the field's understanding of functional trajectories after TBI in older adults and may help identifty those who are at risk for lower functional outcomes.

Indexed as

Activities of Daily LivingBrain Injuries, TraumaticRecovery of FunctionVeteransAgedDisability EvaluationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTime FactorsUnited States

Identifiers

PMID39868833
PMCPMC12159968

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.