Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39868655›Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

Impact of time in tight range on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study.

Jinghao Cai, Jiechen Liu, Jingyi Lu, Jiaying Ni, Chunfang Wang, Lei Chen, Wei Lu, Wei Zhu, Tian Xia, Jian Zhou

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jinghao CaiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Jiechen LiuVital Statistical Department, Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Jingyi LuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Jiaying NiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Chunfang WangVital Statistical Department, Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Lei ChenVital Statistical Department, Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Wei LuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Wei ZhuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Tian XiaVital Statistical Department, Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Jian ZhouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1534-2279

Funding

National Key Clinical Specialty Z155080000004National Natural Science Foundation of China 31971485Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0518300Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader 22XD1402300Shanghai Municipal Project for Academic Leaders Public Health GWV-10.2-XD20Shanghai Oriental Talent Program (Youth Project)Shanghai Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2022ZZ01002Three-year Action Program of Shanghai Municipality for Strengthening the Construction of the Public Health System GWVI-11.1-36
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsCurrently, there is a lack of evidence regarding time in tight range (TITR) and long-term adverse outcomes. We aimed to investigate the association between TITR and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND

methodsA total of 6061 patients with type 2 diabetes were prospectively recruited in a single centre. TITR was measured with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) at baseline and was defined as the percentage of time in the target glucose range of 3.9-7.8 mmol/L (70-140 mg/dL) during a 24-h period. Cox proportion hazard regression models were used to examine the association between TITR and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

resultsDuring a median follow-up period of 10.9 years, 1898 (31.3%) death events were confirmed, with 689 (11.4%) due to cardiovascular mortality. The restricted cubic spline revealed significant linear relationships between lower TITR and higher risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (p for linearity <0.01). In the fully adjusted model including glycated haemoglobin A1c, each 10% decrease in TITR was associated with 4% (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.06) increased risk of all-cause mortality and 4% (95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.08) increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Subgroup analyses showed that the linear relationship between TITR and all-cause mortality risk was sustained in patients with haemoglobin A1c <7.0% and patients with fasting plasma glucose <7.0 mmol/L.

conclusionsLower TITR is associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes, indicating that tight glycaemic control within the physiological range may be crucial for reducing long-term mortality risk, especially in those with seemingly well-controlled diabetes.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycemic ControlAgedBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringCause of DeathFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsTime FactorsBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobincontinuous glucose monitoring (CGM)long‐term consequencesmortalitytime in tight range (TITR)type 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39868655
PMCPMC11885067

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.