Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39868538›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2025

methylGrapher: genome-graph-based processing of DNA methylation data from whole genome bisulfite sequencing.

Wenjin Zhang, Juan F Macias-Velasco, Xiaoyu Zhuo, Edward A Belter, Chad Tomlinson, John Garza, Nina Tekkey, Daofeng Li, Ting Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. WashU Epigenome Browser update 2025.Nucleic acids research · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Wenjin ZhangDepartment of Genetics, The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5979-0102
Juan F Macias-VelascoDepartment of Genetics, The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Xiaoyu ZhuoDepartment of Genetics, The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Edward A BelterMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
Chad TomlinsonMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
John GarzaMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
Nina TekkeyDepartment of Genetics, The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Daofeng LiDepartment of Genetics, The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7492-3703
Ting WangDepartment of Genetics, The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Funding

The WashU-UCSC-EBI Human Genome Reference Center."U41HG010972 · NHGRI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Ira M Hall, Heng Li · 2019 to 2026
$24.9M
WashU Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues (SMaHT) Program Organizational CenterU24NS132103 · NINDS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI FULTON, LUCINDA, LAWSON, HEATHER A. · 2023 to 2025
$4.5M
NIH HHS U41HG010972NINDS NIH HHS U24 NS132103
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genome graphs, including the recently released draft human pangenome graph, can represent the breadth of genetic diversity and thus transcend the limits of traditional linear reference genomes. However, there are no genome-graph-compatible tools for analyzing whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data. To close this gap, we introduce methylGrapher, a tool tailored for accurate DNA methylation analysis by mapping WGBS data to a genome graph. Notably, methylGrapher can reconstruct methylation patterns along haplotype paths precisely and efficiently. To demonstrate the utility of methylGrapher, we analyzed the WGBS data derived from five individuals whose genomes were included in the first Human Pangenome draft as well as WGBS data from ENCODE (EN-TEx). Along with standard performance benchmarking, we show that methylGrapher fully recapitulates DNA methylation patterns defined by classic linear genome analysis approaches. Importantly, methylGrapher captures a substantial number of CpG sites that are missed by linear methods, and improves overall genome coverage while reducing alignment reference bias. Thus, methylGrapher is a first step toward unlocking the full potential of Human Pangenome graphs in genomic DNA methylation analysis.

Indexed as

DNA MethylationGenome, HumanSequence Analysis, DNASoftwareWhole Genome SequencingCpG IslandsGenomicsHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansSulfiteshydrogen sulfiteSulfites

Identifiers

PMID39868538
PMCPMC11770346

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.