Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39868464›Full record

ArticlePediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology2025

Diversity of complementary diet and early food allergy risk.

Stina Bodén, Anna Lindam, Carina Venter, Richard Lundberg Ulfsdotter, Magnus Domellöf, Christina E West

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07321522 (Early Introduction and Sustained Ingestion), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07321522 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Early Introduction and Sustained Ingestion (EISI) Using Two Educational Opportunities - A Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorStanford UniversityRan2026 to 2028Enrolled92ConditionsFood AllergyArmsEducation and Opportunities on Early Introduction, Clinician Supervised Feeding of Known Allergenic Food
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Poor growth in multi-ethnic children with food allergy in Amsterdam.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Diversity of complementary diet and early food allergy risk.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Stina BodénDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-975X
Anna LindamDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research, Education and Development - Östersund, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Carina VenterSection of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7473-5355
Richard Lundberg UlfsdotterDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Magnus DomellöfDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Christina E WestDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9599-2580

Funding

EkhagastiftelsenHjärt-LungfondenRegion Jämtland HärjedalenSwedish Research CouncilUmeå UniversitetVästerbotten Läns Landsting
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDiet diversity (DD) in infancy may be protective for early food allergy (FA) but there is limited knowledge about how DD incorporating consumption frequency influences FA risk.

methodsThree measures of DD were investigated in 2060 infants at 6 and/or at 9 months of age within the NorthPop Birth Cohort Study: a weighted DD score based on intake frequency, the number of introduced foods, and the number of introduced allergenic foods. In multivariable logistic regression models based on directed acyclic graphs, associations to parentally reported physician-diagnosed FA at age 9 and 18 months were estimated, including sensitivity and stratified analyses.

resultsHigh weighted DD scores (24-31p) at age 9 months were associated with 61% decreased odds of FA at age 18 months [OR (95% CI) = 0.39 0.18-0.88] compared with infants with the lowest DD scores (0-17p). The association remained significant after exclusion of early FA cases. Having introduced 13-14 foods at age 9 months, independent of consumption frequency, was associated with 45% decreased odds of FA [OR (95% CI) = 0.55 (0.31-0.98)] compared to having introduced 0-10 foods. When stratifying, significantly reduced odds for FA were seen for children with eczema and for children with no FA history in the family. No association was seen between DD at age 6 months and FA at age 18 months.

conclusionA diverse diet at age 9 months may prevent FA at age 18 months. Our results underscore the need for additional investigations on the impact of consumption frequency in infancy.

Indexed as

DietFood HypersensitivityInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaAllergensCohort StudiesFemaleHumansInfantMaleRisk FactorsAllergenscomplementary foodsconsumption frequencydiet diversityfood allergy preventioninfancyNorthPop

Identifiers

PMID39868464
PMCPMC11771557

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.