ArticleFrontiers in oncology2024
CA19-9-related macrophage polarization drives poor prognosis in HCC after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prognostic effect and prognostic factors of TACE for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Propensity score matching analysis.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Photo-triggered g-CMikrochimica acta · 2026Article
- Advancing Systemic Treatment beyond First Line for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Prognostic value of pre-treatment serum CA19-9 and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in HR+/HER2- breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Combined Model of Inflammatory-Nutritional Indicators and Tumor Markers for Predicting Prognosis in Patients with Distal Cholangiocarcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pancreatic cancer immunotherapy biomarkers: from traditional markers to multimodal integration and dynamic monitoring.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Structural and temporal dynamics analysis of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: History, research hotspots, and emerging trends.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Dynamic variations in peripheral blood indices and their association with efficacy and adverse reactions of pd- 1 inhibitor combined chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Macrophage Polarization in the Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Mechanistic Insights to Translational Therapies.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterReview
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Elevated levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels are known to worsen outcomes in various tumors by influencing immune responses. However, the role of CA19-9 in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly understood. Methods: This study included 621 patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2017 to March 2023. During immunotherapy, CA19-9 levels were measured and classified as either elevated (≥35 U/mL) or normal (<35 U/mL) for clinical analysis. Results: Patients with elevated CA19-9 levels had significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 53.3% and 29.1% in the normal CA19-9 group compared to 16.9% and 11.3% in the elevated group ( Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that elevated CA19-9 levels during immunotherapy are associated with poor survival outcomes in HCC patients. These findings highlight the crucial role of CA19-9 in shaping the tumor immune environment, particularly through its effect on macrophage polarization, and suggest that targeting CA19-9 may improve immunotherapy outcomes.
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